The CPP project I know is pretty stable, but I have no idea of its compatibility with JFDs mods and my hunch is it's not.
Running a lot of mods at once is generally asking for trouble, especially incredibly complex mods like CBP and JFD's mods, but I'm fairly sure that, unless you delete a few of the UCs, the 3/4UC isn't compatible with CBP because there's overlap in some components.
How do you check for mods using DLL files? Do you just need to search for *.dll in the mods directory? does any dll count?
There is only one DLL a mod can load and you can find it in mod file or in its modinfo file (looking for the OnGetDLLPath tag).
I don't see why you couldn't just run a search for the .DLL extension in your MODS folder, like you say above.
You found the issue then, you can't have two DLLs active at the same time.
Also, you don't need to check each individually, just do a search with *.dll as the component to be found.
I noticed that you are using a clean install of Civ 5. But just to be on the safe side. Have you tried clearing the Civ 5 cache? The cache may have become corrupted the first time you played a game.
Clearing the cache tends to solve a lot of my mod problems. I usually try clearing the cache before doing anything else because it's easy and has fixed various problems in the past. That includes problems where the game locks up.
To clear the Civ 5 cache:
1. Make sure you exit Civ 5.
2. Find the Civ 5 cache folder. It's location might vary slightly depending on what operating system you have. Mine is located at: "Documents\My Games\Sid Meier's Civilization 5\cache".
3. Delete the cache folder.
4. Restart Civ 5 and load the mod in the usual fashion. Civ 5 will automatically recreate the cache when the game starts.
5. You will need to re-enable your mods in the Civ 5 mods screen.
You probably already know this. But you can track down mod conflicts by temporarily reducing the number of mods being used then playing a game and checking if the problem goes away. Add and remove mods until you find the conflict. If you try this method. It's often a good idea to clear the cache when changing mod.