It sometimes happens when a colony is granted independence. I’m not certain what causes it, or if it’s intended to happen. I do know that Barbarians are functionally a civ with the Sid Meier leaderhead which has no traits, with diplomacy and GP generation usually disabled, and special unit spawning & research rules. Occasionally, he gets picked to run a colony. I *think* the mechanism that causes it is:
- play with unrestricted leaders
- a given player gives a colony independence, with a preset leader based on their own faction (ie, most European Civs will found the United States)
- subsequent colonies founded by the same player will have a leader selected by lottery, and Sid has a ticket same as everyone else
- also if a given player’s default colonial Governor is already present, I believe they’ll go random
- I’m probably misunderstanding something, but you get the idea