It's funny how people act all excited about the idea of disinformation now. As if it were something new! There's nothing new about it recently.
The last big change was the reach of disinformation, which increased as the education level increased. And it got specialized in the process. But that was competed, in the "developed world", about 20 years ago, as higher education became common. Wherever effect the internet and social media may seem to had can be more accurately explained by that. The dream of decentralized, multitudinous information sources hampering propaganda was crushed by the economic and scale monopolies on the internet to which people happily adhered.
Please read some of the classic texts on propaganda before wasting time reading short essays about it.
This one is a must. He was one of the first to put emphasis on the roles of social class (the peace of mind to spend time consuming "information") and education (setting the mental stage) in enabling propaganda's success. It's not just the poor, the "deplortables" who are prey to propaganda. In fact the opposite is closer to the truth.