Mongolia after Genghis
- Thread starter s.c.dude
- Start date
Disenfrancised
Beep Beep
Well, they did conquer Russia and China and ruled them both for quite some time, although both the Golden Horde and the Yuan Dynasty fell after a couple of centuries.
Basically, it was the same thing that happens to all large empires: it split up into its component bits.
Basically, it was the same thing that happens to all large empires: it split up into its component bits.
The Mongols of the Yuan basically decamped and returned to the steppes - some of them anyways - and rejoined those who remained there. Though the Yuan imperial line died...
During the early Ming, it was mostly business as usual, with the usual trading, skirmishing, raiding, warring etc with the Chinese. During the late Ming, the Eastern Mongols were incorporated into the Manchus' banner system and formed part of their military forces.
During the early Qing, the Western Mongols (Dzungars esp) formed their own empire in the steppes but were squashed by the Manchus and incorporated into the Qing empire as well. So it remained down to Republican times until the 1920s when the Soviets forced Chiang Kaishek to give (Outer) Mongolia independence. So it remained to this day.
During the early Ming, it was mostly business as usual, with the usual trading, skirmishing, raiding, warring etc with the Chinese. During the late Ming, the Eastern Mongols were incorporated into the Manchus' banner system and formed part of their military forces.
During the early Qing, the Western Mongols (Dzungars esp) formed their own empire in the steppes but were squashed by the Manchus and incorporated into the Qing empire as well. So it remained down to Republican times until the 1920s when the Soviets forced Chiang Kaishek to give (Outer) Mongolia independence. So it remained to this day.
After the death of Kublai the Yuan dynasty declined in power as officials became corrupted and other khanates in the west distanced themselves from central control. In the end they were overthrown by the Mings and they retreated to Mongolia. In the west the Golden Horde allied with the Mamluks and attack the IlKhans (Persia). The Il Khans sent Rabban Sauma, a Chiense nestorian monk to negotiate alliance with Christian Europe, but the Europeans were too busy fighting amongst themselves to listen. In the the Il Khans adopted Islam and became assimilated into Persian-Islamic society. The Il Khanate fragmented in the mid 14th century and the remnants were conquered by Timur.
In central asia the Chagatai Khanate tried to maintain steppe tradition in the face of growing Islamic assimilation. There were succession crisis and then they were conquered by Timur of Samarkand, which is a setback the Chagatai never recovers from. The Chagatai Khanate survives until the 15th century under Turkic/Islamic rulers until they fragmented under pressure from Uzbek and Kazakh attacks.
Of the four post Genghis Khanates the Golden Horde fared best of all. The empire were made up of mostly Turkic and Mongol people and grew rich from combination of plunder, tributes and trade. In the mid 13th century the rulers converted to Islam and Sarai became a large Islamic center of learning and trade. The Golden Horde remained the most powerful state in Europe until the late 14th century, when civil wars, weak rulers and the Black Death epidemic took its toll. Russian principalities became increasingly rebellious. Things looked a little brighter after Khan Toqtamish defeated the Russians, but then Timur attacked and sacked Sarai. The Golden Horde declined rapidly and eventually fragmented into several Turkic khanates eg Astrakhan, Crimea, Kazan etc which would later be defeated by the Russian Empire.
In central asia the Chagatai Khanate tried to maintain steppe tradition in the face of growing Islamic assimilation. There were succession crisis and then they were conquered by Timur of Samarkand, which is a setback the Chagatai never recovers from. The Chagatai Khanate survives until the 15th century under Turkic/Islamic rulers until they fragmented under pressure from Uzbek and Kazakh attacks.
Of the four post Genghis Khanates the Golden Horde fared best of all. The empire were made up of mostly Turkic and Mongol people and grew rich from combination of plunder, tributes and trade. In the mid 13th century the rulers converted to Islam and Sarai became a large Islamic center of learning and trade. The Golden Horde remained the most powerful state in Europe until the late 14th century, when civil wars, weak rulers and the Black Death epidemic took its toll. Russian principalities became increasingly rebellious. Things looked a little brighter after Khan Toqtamish defeated the Russians, but then Timur attacked and sacked Sarai. The Golden Horde declined rapidly and eventually fragmented into several Turkic khanates eg Astrakhan, Crimea, Kazan etc which would later be defeated by the Russian Empire.
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