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State (pop., 1994 est.: 444,000), eastern Himalayas, northeastern India.
Mount Kanchenjunga, third-highest peak in the world, forms its western border. It has an area of 2,744 sq mi (7,107 sq km); the capital, Gangtok, is the only urban center. As an independent country, it fought prolonged wars in the 18th and 19th century with Bhutan and Nepal. It first came under British influence in 1817, though it remained an independent buffer between British India and Tibet. In 1950 it became an Indian protectorate, and in 1975, a state of India. One of India's smalleststates, it exports agricultural products and is one of the world's main producers of cardamom. Its mineral resources include copper, lead, zinc, coal, iron ore, and garnets.