Conservative talk radio[edit]
The 1987 repeal of the fairness doctrine enabled the rise of talk radio that excelled at vicious, divisive talk. "In 1988, a savvy former ABC Radio executive named Ed McLaughlin signed
Rush Limbaugh — then working at a little-known Sacramento station — to a nationwide syndication contract. McLaughlin offered Limbaugh to stations at an unbeatable price: free. All they had to do to carry his program was to set aside four minutes per hour for ads that McLaughlin’s company sold to national sponsors. The stations got to sell the remaining commercial time to local advertisers." "From his earliest days on the air, Limbaugh trafficked in conspiracy theories, divisiveness, even viciousness" (e.g., "********s").
[36] Prior to 1987 people using much less controversial verbiage had been taken off the air as obvious violations of the fairness doctrine.
[37]