Story-wise, about a decade before the start of the game (which starts in year 1800) there was societal collapse (which we're referring to as The Fall), where the old kingdoms fell and after time reformed as new nations (what we're calling The Dawn). The game-runner cpm is playing the scenario as a constitutional monarch, and he commissions governments based upon popular election.
Our parliament is called the Senate, and it currently has seven seats which can be won at once-in-a-decade elections (of which we're in one at the moment, so good timing!) during which both us players and virtual voters (called 'POPs', and each POP represents an in-game citizen of each city) cast their votes.
In the beginning
a provisional government formed led by Senator the Honourable Gustavus Gurra who became the first Prime Minister of Pulias, which at that point consisted of solely the capital city: Pulias City. He formed a political party, the Pulias People's Party (of which I'm a member) and Senator the Honourable Ernest Barnard (username Magnive) formed another political party, the Pulian Advancement Union. In the first decade (one in-game turn equals one in-game year in this particular scenario) the government founded a second city (named Haven of Peace) and a third (named Coventry). At this point the Senate was dissolved and the first general election was held.
In that election (scroll down a bit in that link) the Pulian Advancement Union under Senator the Honourable Ernest Barnard won the most seats, but no party won an outright majority. A coalition was formed between the dominant PAU and two smaller parties, the PPP and a militaristic and expansionist party (the National Expansion Party, now defunct) under the PAU Prime Minister, Senator the Honourable Heerlo.
The Second Senate (scroll down a bit in that link) developed the cities and scouted and met the other nation states and city-states. It expired after ten years (turns) and a second general election was held.
In that election, three parties were tied with two seats each (and the final seat went to an independent). The two most ideologically similar parties, the PAU under Senator the Honourable Ernest Barnard and the PPP under me, Senator the Honourable William Melda agreed to form a coalition government under the continued Prime Ministership of Senator the Honourable Heerlo.
Senator the Honourable Augustus Absoluti (username Et_Absoluti) founded a new imperialist party which formed the official opposition, and he became the first Leader of the Opposition.
In that,
the Third Senate many laws were passed codifying rules and clarifying governmental powers and limitations. A military task force jointly led by the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition went and destroyed a nearby Luddite encampment (what barbarians are called in this scenario).
Work commenced on a national railway network intended to span the entire nation. Other stuff happened, too, but the debates have lately revolved around the nation's use of force and whether to be a pacifist or militant civilisation (the PAU and PPP agree with the former, the PIP the latter in broad terms).
We're currently up to the mandated once-in-ten-years election campaign, where each party and candidate tries to win enough votes in each of the three cities to secure seats in the Fourth Senate and try to win government. If you win a seat in government you get a direct say in the running of the nation. If you don’t win government but still win a seat then you still get a say, because all orders and other bills need to be voted on by the whole Senate (including Government, Opposition and crossbench Senators).
Apart from the PAU (which are a pacifist, socially progressive/radical party with a wealth and production focus), the PPP (which are a pacifist, socially progressive/radical party with a cultural focus) and the PIP (which is militant but has apparently shifted focus from imperialism to militant liberalism) a fourth party has recently been founded: The Mossback Party under the leadership of its founder Dot Eitus (username Dot), it stands as an isolationist socially traditionalist party (so basically conservatives without the warlike factor).
At the moment we're in the election campaign for the 1832 general election, so you'll probably want to: pick a party to join (the list of parties and what they stand for
can be found here, pick a city to base yourself in and a class (details about classes and a basic introduction can be found in
the opening post), then get out there and give speeches to try and win votes (if you look under
this post here under 'Lobbying' you'll see what the pressure groups are that you can try to appeal to in your speeches --- speeches can be as simple as 'I believe in this, I want to produce these units/buildings, improve these tiles, adopt these social policies, research these technologies, and do this with these military units').
Some pertinent posts detailing what the current situation in-game is can be found
here and
here.
If you have any other questions just ask and whoever's online will be happy to help (especially if they're trying to woo you to join their party

).