First-off the one I've fleshed out the most conceptually:
Canada - John A. Macdonald - Symbol is a maple leaf of course, colors are blue on teal as in the current municipal flag of Ottawa (originally went with brown on green with the triple leaf symbol of the Ontario coat of arms, but the scheme is too similar to India's)
Multinationalism - Upon establishing a Defensive Pact, gain the other civilization's Unique Ability, and allow that civilization to do the same.
(that civilization does not pass on that ability as well: if Canada establishes a Defensive Pact with Byzantium, Canada may gain an additional belief, and if Byzantium then establishes a DP with Siam, it gets those increases in CS yields, but Siam will gain nothing unless it has a Defensive Pact with Canada as well. Basically this establishes mutually beneficial and extremely powerful diplomacy blocs, with Canada and their allies reaping the benefits from each others' UAs)
Unique Unit - Mounted Police - Replaces Cavalry. Unlike the unit it replaces, it removes 75% of the
Unhappiness of a city it is garrisoned in.
(It does
not pass that ability upon upgrade: you may not have a super happy Landship Police. It presents a choice: keep Industrial-era melee units stationed in your cities and be super-happy, or upgrade them and lose the smilies to defend yourself better.)
Unique Improvement - Igluit - May only be built on Snow and tiles adjacent to it. Available at Construction. Provides +1
Production,
Culture, and
Faith to the nearest city. Does not require a
Citizen to be worked.
(They do not need to be in your territory to provide benefits, they will give their bonuses to any nearby city, if two are in equal range it will give them to the smaller city. They do the same even if the city is not Canadian. This is basically the Inuit compromise >.>)