Nyvin said:
It's a simple fact that the USA had a larger economy in the year 1900. They didn't build up military or anything, because of the isolation policy they had back then. So they didn't have much projection power on the planet, but they still had more manufactering and production then anyone else on the planet. The only area in the brittish empire that had industry was britain itself, that's not enough to compete with the entire USA at the time.
There was a huge 'outsourced' industrial base built on sweatshop textile mills and similar industries in countries like India or South Africa, so this is factually untrue. Not to mention that most of the "white dominions" also possessed areas of heavy industry. In addition, not only was England fully industrialized, Scotland and parts of Ireland were also heavily industrial by this time. In the US, however, industry was limited to a relatively small part of the country, including parts of New England and a small portion of the Great Lakes area. Everything else served the same function as the Empire did for Britain - raw materials and agricultural produce. Most US exports at this time remained agricultural, the textile industry was in decline since emancipation, and there were few markets for American steel, the one area where it enjoyed a marginal lead over Britain. American manufacturing wasn't diverse enough at this time to outperform British manufacturing, but it was building key components (such as steel) for a much larger industrial base than Britain, whereas British industry was at a developed peak after the tremendous expansion of the latter half of the 19th century. British coal and iron sources, in particular, were stretched to their limit and this imposed a ceiling, whereas the US was only beggining to tap several huge deposits. In a modern analogy, Germany France and the US were "tiger economies" capable of much higher levels of annual growth. But in 1900, Britain still led the world in overall industrial capacity.
Of course crisis was very much imminent at the close of the Victorian era ... however it was not yet a fact, for at least a decade.
Encompassing about a third of the world doesn't mean much when more then three quarters of that is in the area of India/Pakistan/Bangladash/Burma. That area made up most of the infamous 'one third of the world'.
Its not the population, though that was great for cheap labour in the textile mills. It was the resources of the *Geographic* third (well, quarter, really) of the world's landmass that Britain controlled. That means alot, particularly in an era where there were no inexpensive synthetic alternatives to certain key industrial resources such as rubber and others were required in vast quantities.
Britain's free trade network made it so that everyone else benefited from the empire just as much as britain did for the most part. It's something that is generally looked at as a mistake by britain.
You misunderstand the economic crisis of the Commonwealth. That everyone benefitted was an advantage, since it helped to generate richer markets for British manufacturing. Nor was it a "free trade market" per se. It was a system of preferential markets, which created difficulties for both exporters and importers in certain respects, particularly once foreign industry started to become competitive.
Don't say incorrect, just state your claim. British ww1 tanks were nothing amazing, they didn't contribute vastly to the war, they were more of an experiment then anything. The reason they became commonly noted is that they were the experiment that lead to the development of modern tank warfare, not because they were amazing in the war itself, most of the war was trench warfare, with tanks having a very minor role.
Amazing? No. They were absolutely minor. But in *relative terms* to German tanks of ww1, they performed much better. They certainly made a huge impression on the German troops; including a number of individuals who later became visionaries or converts to the new mobile warfare and deep battle doctrine of WW2.
The navy was bigger yes, but that still doesn't make it the 'sole superpower' of the world. There were other navies out there, and the reason they had a huge navy was because they had virtually no large land army to speak of.
Wha??!! Britain had a massive land army in sum, but it was spread thin.
Then why did France, Germany, Belgium, the US, Russia, Japan, Italy, and the Netherlands build up world empires also at the time?
Simple. None of it involved the capability to project force at a global scale. All the expansion you mention falls into 3 categories:
-Localized regional expansion (eg Russia or US expansion into Spanish holdings, Japanese expansion, etc)
-the result of transfers by treaty (eg Phillipines),
- expansion which didn't require the ability to project force in any sense signifigant between industrial nations (eg Guam or the addition of Congolese jungle inhabited only by tribal groups).
There were only two instances of true force projection during this time by nations other than Britain, neither of which was succesful. The Italians got nailed by some spearmen in Ethiopa, and Spain failed to prevent the loss of its colonies in the Western Hemisphere.