Science, as a victory condition, benefits the most from going wide and prioritizing infrastructure.
In that sense Progress is a must-have.
What does Piety give you? A scientist spot in every city, minor but non-negligible flat yields and a bonus to internal trade routes. Nothing particularly fantastic for your goals, but the bonuses are always present - you don't have to do anything.
Patronage's issue is opportunity cost; one could receive tons of science from allying city-states, but the opportunity cost of constantly producing diplomats, working all your GD spots and so on is a bit high. If you're Greece, Austria or the likes, you could get away with it.
Aesthetics provides high flat science per city over the course of a game (through culture buildings), and a free great scientist, so in the end it probably evens out with Piety. If you rush Archaeology, access to Hidden sites can really help your culture and resisting ideology pressure/cultural victory.
I have legit never picked Industry, so I cannot help you on that.
Rationalism' policies aren't particularly helpful for a science victory, oddly enough; the only real boons are GS production and %10 science (growth to a lesser degree since the science changes). Exploration and its fantastic yields might help you more if most of your cities are coastal and you plan on doing some naval battling. You know what the easiest way of winning a science victory is? Crushing your opponents into the ground (or into the sea...).
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Perhaps you should remove the points victory? Assuming 500 turns is on Epic, I have
never won a science victory by 500 turns.
On wide vs tall: I have rarely gotten away with playing tall science on Immortal or Deity. I'll get ahead on science for some time by prioritizing scientist spots, science buildings and so on, but when the AI with twice or thrice your number of cities eventually does too well... he'll catch up on technologies quick enough, sail ahead and you're doomed unless you attack him.