Sure, it's possible. I've only got about 10 games at Monarch, but I've done 9 dominations & 1 100k. The 100k finished in 1898, which is, what turn 400-ish? the dominations usually finish between 1600-1750, IIRC. These are standard maps, 7 opponents. I find the opening to be a little rocky still, & the transition from rapid expansion (REX)/initial war to later middle ages as well, but otherwise the game is just tough enough to be a workout & a learning experience. If I went to Emperor at this point, I'd struggle more than I'd learn, IMHO.
I don't know what went wrong with your game, but I'm guessing you didn't out-expand the AI or lacked critical resources or fell behind tech-wise and couldn't trade for them--all things that a larger map/more opponents would help cure. (Not the REX, perhaps, although a weak civ near you would give you ready-made cities once you went to war.) If you have a save or two, you could post them & more experienced players than I would be happy to give a brief critique.
kk