I known that in vanilla civ5 promotions would go haywire after 255 promotions.
200, not 255. Trust me, I was VERY familiar with this one; the vanilla game added about 160, and the DLCs another 4-5, so you were limited to only about 35 custom promotions in your mods. Starting at ID#201, any new promotions will be automatically given to every unit in the game, which will obviously break stuff.
However, I haven't checked to see if 674 or G&K raised this limit, and I'd be very interested in the answer. (I can't play Civ5 at the moment, my home internet is down and Steam refuses to run in offline mode.)
Also, you can't delete promotions easily. If you delete a promotion and add a new one, the ID of the original remains unfilled; that is, if you had 200, deleted #100, and added a new one, the new one would be #201 and 100 would still be blank. And in the case of that particular table, the game will crash when it hits an empty ID. So, you either need to explicitly set the ID of a new promotion to fill the hole left by the deletion, or use one of the re-indexing mods.
As for resources, no, there's no limit on adding new resources. But map scripts won't add those resources to the map unless you modify AssignStartingPlots significantly; my own mod added three new strategics that needed to appear on the map, and another three or four "hidden" luxuries that'd be awarded through Wonders and such, and therefore didn't need to be added to the map.
One small note: while there's no real limit on adding luxuries and strategics, things in the UI will break if you try to add a resource that acts as both. The game will treat any resource with a Happiness modifier as a luxury, and therefore not list it in any strategic UI elements (like the top panel). One of my three custom strategics added happiness, which is why I know this.