Europe
The biggest event in Europe in 1950 was the establishment of the Mediterranean Trade League, an economic and trade pact between the southern EEC members of France and Italy, along with nearby Greece (who would enter a separate trade agreement with the EEC proper, in another, only partly related agreement). This was met with some degree of alarm in the Franco-British Union, wary of the possibility of an alternative axis within the European Economic Community. Most commentators and politicians have remained surprisingly mum on the issue of the Mediterranean Trade League, as this could be a drastic shift in Europe – or it easily could be nothing of the sort.
The second biggest event of the year was the creation of the so-called Ljubljana Group. The governments of Finland, Hungary, and Illyria, all Central European countries with little interest in aligning with either the hegemonic FBU or the feared Intermarium, met in the picturesque Illyrian city of Ljubljana and established a new international organisation with the stated goal of non-alignment. As it turned out, that non-alignment barely lasted a month before the group entered a trade deal with the Intermarium which saw the latter enter as an observer member. In response, the FBU demanded – and was granted – observer status as well. This has called into question the organisation’s entire existence, but, in the words of Illyrian prime minister Josep Krleza, “Ljubljana has helped reduce the polarisation in Europe, has it not?”
Indeed, steps towards détente began to be made. The Intermarium began visibly pulling forces back from the borders with Ljubljana Group countries as well as also non-aligned and neutral Czechia. In a more surprising move, the border with Brandenburg was partly demilitarised as well. Europe seems to be able to breathe a sigh of relief for now – total war seems far less likely than even a year ago – but there is still much work to be done.
The Intermarium, for that matter, stepped up the integration of their own economic sphere, formalising it into the European Economic Agreement. This eliminated tariffs between the Intermarium and its Petrograd, Don-Kuban, and Romanian neighbours, in addition to standardising cross-border weights, measures, transportation, and creating a single currency. Due to the ongoing war, Moscow is yet to join the EEA.
The Franco-British Union began work on a major, multi-year national project to resolve the country’s current war-induced housing shortage. Cities across the Union will be redeveloped on large scales, with slum clearances and changes to street layouts in the city centres and heavy investment in construction of glistening new modern housing in the suburbs, in addition to improvements of existing utilities.
In Greece, the government – capitalising on the ongoing Olympic Games, described below – opened a grand museum atop the Acropolis, which Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis said was a reminder of “the West’s debt to Ancient Greece.” This has served to further Greece’s status as a tourist destination for Western Europe, something its pleasant climate, widely publicised history, and exploding pop culture have all aided. In a perhaps more far-reaching project, the government also began construction of a new, modern port complex at Piraeus, near Athens, which it says aims to make Athens the primary port of Southern Europe, and is expected to be finished sometime by the middle of the decade.
Karamanlis also announced a new, far more open immigration scheme, aimed at drawing in Greeks, Armenians, Copts, and other historically Christian populations from within the Ottoman Empire, to migrate to Greece and therefore encourage economic growth. This move has been relatively well-received, partly as Greece’s rapid economic growth had created a minor labour shortage that this immigration is expected to resolve, but it has nonetheless seen resistance by the opposition, nationalist Greek Rally. Over a hundred thousand immigrants have already taken advantage of the policy.
Finland went to the polls in the summer of 1950, in a contentious election deeply affected by the ongoing events involving the Ljubljana Group. The Agrarian League threw itself behind a nationalist, isolationist, platform, taking a heated stance against the People’s Democrat government on this issue. The left-wing Social Democrats found themselves divided between pro-Ljubljana and anti-Ljubljana factions and thus unable to find a unified voice in the election. In the end, the Agrarian League gained a significant number of seats, but the People’s Democrats were returned with an only slightly reduced majority and Prime Minister Tuomas Holopainen given a solid mandate, vowing to continue his work with the Ljubljana Group for peace and reconciliation in Europe. After the election, the Agrarian League would rename itself the National Party, leapfrogging the Social Democrats and becoming the country’s primary opposition.
Elections were held in Spain, the looming spectre of nearby Portugal all but dominating the campaigning. The incumbent ruling Radical Republicans campaigned on a nationalistic, anti-socialist, anti-Portugal theme, calling for unity and strength and the countering of socialism both at home and abroad. The left-wing socialist groups, spearheaded by the Republican Left, all threw their weight together into a combined Left Alliance, but the political climate made a position in defence of Portugal completely untenable, and the Left Alliance found itself branded as a lot of fifth-columnists. The Democratic Centre was similarly neutered. All this was much to the Radical Republicans’ gain; the ultimate results saw the Radical Republicans gain a significant number of seats and reduce the Left Alliance to an even further lessened if loud minority.
Portugal itself mainly focused on strengthening internally, building new schools for the people and investing funds into the economy in order to stimulate growth. To a limited degree, these have paid off. But despite the façade of peace and renewal, not all is going entirely smoothly. Fighting between government-aligned forces and remnant militias in some rural areas in the south of the country have led to high casualties on both sides. And rumours are spreading of counter-revolutionary conspiracies in the police forces, inciting demands from other ruling party members for the government to take action. Of course, fingers are pointed at Spain also.
(Portugal: -1 Irregular Division)
The Don-Kuban Union, with peace restored in its borders, began a large-scale construction of new housing, establishing the so-called Union Development Authority to facilitate the construction of numerous new towns throughout the country. These will serve the dual purposes of housing refugees from neighbouring lands in Russia and hopefully encouraging economic growth, and in some cases will also be home to new educational institutions and colleges. As the flow of migrants into Don-Kuban shows no signs of stopping, it seems a necessary effort.
Russian Civil War
In Russia, the ongoing civil war, having lulled in late 1949, flared up again with the coming of spring in early 1950. Both sides threw more resources into the fight – the Intermarium finally deciding to throw its full weight into the conflict, while the Free Russians were able to bring far more fresh soldiers to the front lines than anyone had been expecting.
One front saw the Free Russians advance into the eastern fringes of Petrograd. Petrograd, who much like Don-Kuban had been devoting most of its resources into building new housing and clearing destroyed housing, was caught surprised by the attack and initially were placed on the back foot. The Petrograd forces were unable to properly stage a response in the remote east of the country, and the Nenets and Komi peoples were ambivalent at best to the Petrograd government, leaving the area relatively easy pickings for the. Petrograd managed to halt the Free Russians before they could take Archangelsk, but they have lost a sizeable chunk of – albeit sparsely populated – territory.
Towards the west, the Free Russians attempted to counterattack. They made progress, retaking Tsaritsyn and Nizhny Novgorod within weeks, sending the Muscovite government into a panic as they had not expected the Free Russians to be able to field these numbers. However, the Free Russians soon found themselves coming hard up against large numbers of deployed Intermarium soldiers who had arrived in hopes of ending the war. The Intermarium also came with immense air force that did heavy damage to the harvest in Free Russian lands. All this was enough to erase the Free Russian advances and – for the most part – restore the border at the Volga.
In the end, the Intermarium’s quality and air superiority was able to hold an advantage over the Free Russian masses, and the Free Russians are now very much on the defensive as the onset of winter begins to make the fighting peter out. Still, the Free Russians’ guerrilla warfare combined with healthy doses of propaganda have taken a toll on the technocratic forces. Furthermore, through diplomacy and offers of security and food – at least before autumn – several areas to the east declared allegiance to the Russian Republic. And yet, all through this, the Intermarium planes dropped leaflets proclaiming that they would be completely receptive to peace talks – meaning that as 1950 turns into 1951 no one is quite sure what is about to happen.
(Still working on casualties)
South America
Formalising its network of South American allies and partners into a single group, Argentina spearheaded the creation of the Union of South American Nations, or UNASUR, an international organisation committed to protections of democracy as well as military and economic cooperation, including a joint defensive alliance. Bahia, Brazil, Chile, and Peru-Bolivia are the alliance’s other members; the government of Juliana seems to have committed to a course of non-alignment and political neutrality, instead signing a separate agreement – the Porto Alegre Agreement – which economically ties the country with UNASUR. The Argentines erected a shining new headquarters building for the organisation in Montevideo, just across the water; it has been hailed as a stunning example of modernist architecture.
In all the other countries of the organisation, UNASUR has been a popular creation, but it has crystallised anti-Argentine sentiment amongst both nationalist and left-wing elements in the continent, who have come out in opposition to what they see as another tendril of the Argentine abomination. The largest and loudest protests have been in Chile, where the opposition right-wing Popular Action party lead loud and sometimes violent rallies against UNASUR in Santiago and several other major cities, rallies which were even joined by some trade unionists and leftsist. The government has responded with significant police force, which lead to several deaths and fuelled further criticism.
The Peru-Bolivian federal parliament dissolved for elections in January 1950. Democratic League leader and incumbent Prime Minister, Victor Alvarez Rosso, campaigned on a somewhat militarist platform, stressing the need for a stronger state, stronger military, and stronger international ties as a means of protecting democracy and protecting against Mexico in South America. Their Progressive Socialist opposition found itself in a difficult position, left to defend publicly unpopular opinions. In the end, reaction to growing concern over Mexican influence in South America was enough to return the Democratic League with an even larger majority than the last elections in 1945.
1950 in Brazil marked the coronation of a new king, the teenaged Joao IV. The ceremony was broadcast to Brazil and the world not just through radio, but also – albeit to a far more limited audience – via television. Viewers in Juliana and Argentina were treated to a grandiose day’s festivities as the new king and his fiancée, a renowned actress born from Portuguese emigrants in Juliana, paraded through the streets of Rio de Janeiro. The Brazilian government, perhaps inspired by the curiosity of seeing, has begun funding the development of television stations in the country’s major cities, hoping that one day they will see the fruits of this dazzling new technology.
The Bahian government has begun construction on the so-called Pan-Atlantic Highway, a four-lane, limited-access, grade-separated superhighway that will run adjacent to the country’s coastline, ultimately intended to connect the cities of Fortaleza, Natal, Recife, and the capital at Salvador, running well outside the city centres - which are to be connected to the highway through arterial roads – such as to not disrupt urban life. The highway is not expected to see completion until well into the middle of the decade, but at well over a thousand kilometres long it stands as South America’s – and perhaps the world’s – most ambitious infrastructure project to date. Most Bahians see such a project as necessary, as the country’s road infrastructure lags behind much of the rest of South America, something which the government has proclaimed is hampering the Bahian economy.
A new round of violence broke out in some rural areas in Grao-Para, even as the government tried to set about on economic reforms to begin immediately redistributing land formerly owned by Argentine agribusiness. While those land reforms continue to be carried out, it seemed that rumours had spread amongst some Amazonian Indians that the government would soon infringe on their lands, and that a number of them had begun to resist government figures. This threatens to greatly undermine the pillars of Grao-Para’s revolution, but so far the military junta’s leadership, especially as word of incredible corruption in the capital continues spreading.
North America
The polarisation of North America continued in earnest in 1950, with the increasingly visible north-south divide solidifying as both Canada and Mexico spearheaded the formation of international organisations.
Mexico formed the American Organisation of Mutual Defence and Advantage, a defensive military alliance, as well as an organisation to facilitate Mexican foreign aid to the less developed countries within the organisation. Initially, Mexico was joined by its neighbours in Arkansas and Louisiana and its ally in Grao-Para; Colombia declined entrance for the time being. Several months later, Oregon joined the organisation as well.
Alarmed by the solidification of Mexican influence, Canada followed with the Winnipeg Agreement, establishing the North American Democratic, Defence, and Economic Community, or NADDEC, which was formalised shortly after the creation of the American Organisation of Mutual Defence and Advantage. New England, Indiana, and Missouri quickly joined NADDEC. By year’s end, Florida, too, threw its lot in with NADDEC, something which has been applauded by an increasingly Mexico-phobic urban population, but has also been opposed by a significant minority who had been seeking to maintain a course of isolationism.
All this leaves, of all things, the United States as the only truly non-aligned countries on the North American continent, and how long even those can last is incredibly uncertain.
One of the first projects under the auspices of the new NADDEC was an improvement and streamlining of cross-border rail links between Canada and Indiana, in the hopes of increasing economic integration in the future. This rail connection is a joint effort between the two nations, and is expected to be completed sometime by the middle of the decade.
Meanwhile, Canadians went to the polls for elections. The largest issue was not NADDEC, but rather the newly forged Canadian-Japanese friendship treaty. This was enough to make the Conservatives break their alliance with the ruling Liberals. However, using the treaty as a platform, the Liberals were able to cultivate votes amongst left-leaning urbanites and Westerners who would have voted Social Credit, gaining seats and increase their majority, enabling them to form a government. Furthermore, the Social Credit party fell into infighting and all but disappeared as a unified force in Canadian politics. Nonetheless, the era of Liberal-Conservative consensus that had been in effect since the end of the civil war over a decade ago seems to have come to a crashing halt. Incumbent prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King did not contest the elections, instead stepping down and handing the party and country to his successor James Garfield Gardener.
In Arkansas, with the absolute rule of President Elmer B. Morris now secure, he announced a grand vision: Razorback City, a new, modern capital district, with all the technological amenities of modern life and seemingly luxurious residential high-rises, to be built on empty, flat land just to the east of the existing Little Rock. Many within Morris’s own party, especially those who hail from Arkansas’s more rural areas, have resisted the concept, claiming that it is little more than egotistical showboating to front a supposedly modern technocratic state while the rest of the country continues to suffer. But Morris has claimed the ideal of Razorback City is to also create an engine to drive employment and revitalise Arkansas’ broken economy. Indeed, as ground broke in September 1950, thousands, many of whom would have otherwise attempted to leave, began to flow in from across the country, finding steady income. The pomp and circumstance surrounding Razorback City has done little to alleviate the growing rumours of death squads roaming the Arkansian countryside, and the flow of migrants from Arkansas into neighbouring countries seems to have been scarcely affected at all.
That migration issue has flared up again in neighbouring Missouri, where an incident in Omaha occurred when a member of Missouri’s legislature and his wife were shot dead in their car outside their home, in what appeared to be an attempted mugging. The perpetrator, when arrested, turned out to be an economic migrant from Kentucky. The incident has incited calls amongst the general public to do something about the supposedly porous border with the other post-American states.
Culture and Entertainment
After an almost two-decade-long interregnum, it was decided that the international Olympic Games would be restored in 1950. Several cities had bid for the Games, but in the end they were awarded to Athens, commemorating a return to the Games’ roots as a means of starting a new era. For the Greeks’ part, the Games were an international showpiece of the country’s incredible economic and social progress over the first half of the twentieth century. They showcased both traditional Greek culture as well as modern Greek pop culture, which has already begun to become tremendously popular throughout the Mediterranean, even in the Ottoman Empire. Not all went swimmingly; many Asian countries did not bother sending delegations, seeing it as simply too great an expense for an already Western-centric event. Furthermore, thanks to the ZAR’s presence, the Cape Republic quite loudly did not send a team. Still, in sum, most attendees and participants returned home quite impressed and generally considering the 1950 Games as a tremendous success.
However, one question remains: what of the next Games? Numerous cities, but nothing concrete has been made yet and the International Olympic Committee is open to all bids. The ultimate decision will be made in 1951.
New South Wales hosted the first Rugby World Cup, with several Oceanic, Asian, and European nations arriving in Sydney to contest. Ultimately, over a dozen teams from across the world – including teams as far as Florida and Italy – competed, though their respective quality varied wildly, and the tournament ended up being dominated by the traditional powerhouses, namely New South Wales and New Zealand. The New Zealanders edged out the hosts in the final, something that was seen in the New Zealander press as a mild political comeuppance. Still, the tournament was a success, building New South Wales’ image abroad and attracting far more attention in the Asia-Pacific region than the simultaneous Olympics.