I put my feet back when talking about João II, Henrique, Feitorias and carracks. They were in civ III and IV, they are too used!
Change the names firaxis!
Perhaps "Nau" instead of "Carrack" (never replace a cargo ship for it). and the Nau should not replace a caravel as the expansion was made with Naus and Caravels. It can replace a late renaissance naval unit (privateer?) and be earned earlier.
From Afonso Henriques, D.Dinis, João I, Manuel I, Maria II ... There are many kings to use (João II was the best in my oppinion, but there are others). Maria II is a good idea indeed (I would prefer other king that has done more but as firaxis uses many female leaders and we have 0 in BNW, until now, ...).
Feitorias is something almost necessary, but there are other ideas "Padrão" (well, they were used Before the construction of a city. Maby"Plourinho"? I don't think so...) "Casa de Fados" (the tipical portuguese cafe with wine, music and popular discussion)...
Bandeirantes is a good, very good idea for a civ with 2 UU.
The ability should be focused on expansion (if feitoria or simmilar is used) OR on expansion and trade rotes (if we have 2 UU)
My Opinion as a Portuguese:
Leader: Afonso Henriques, João II, Henrique, Manuel I, João V
Analysis:
Afonso Henriques, The Conquerer - First Portuguese King, Conquered Most of Portuguese Territory to the Moors. Unlikely Because Not-Related to Portuguese Discoveries.
João II, The Perfect Prince - Important Role in the Discoveries and Signing of the Treaty of Tordesilhas (which divided the World's Exploration in two parts, in a line specificaly some hundred miles south of Cape Verde, as the demands made by the Kingdom of Portugal, due to Excellent Knowdlege of Geography due to Portuguese Cartographers and Sailors, leading to the mystical Cartography School of Sagres, a legendary school supposed to be run by Henrique the Navigator himself. The division was made between the Kindgom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Castilla). Already included in Sid Meier's Civilization IV [civ4bts]
Henrique (or Henry), the Navigator - Major Role in the Portuguese Discoveries, leading to the atributtion of the Cartography School of Sagres's leadership to himself . The existence of the Cartography School remains undisclosed but it is certain that Henry had a major influence in Portuguese Cartography and Discoveries. Anyway, Henrique was merely a Portuguese Prince out of the Kings direct Descendency and never ascended to the throne.
Manuel I, The Fortunate - In his Reign happened the Major Portuguese Discoveries, as in 1498 Portuguese Navigator Vasco da Gama dicovered the Maritime Route to India which was the most Important Portuguese Discovery and had a huge Economic Impact in Portugal and the Rest of the World, and the Discovery of Brazil, two years later, in 1500. However the atribuitton of the name the Fortunate has two main reasons: he was a King's Cousin, unlikely to ascend to the throne, but several events have lead him to the throne and his accomplishments in the Discoveries were more João II's sucess than his own.
João V, The Magnificent - Even if Unlikely, João V was a important Portuguese King whose Reign was Important due to the Gold provided by Brazil. After the Spanish Dinasty in Portugal (1580-1640), Portugal had to face the Dutch, French and English to retrieve the Colonies lost during the Spanish Rule, and there was a good sucess, more due to João IV's effort than his own. João V was himself a poor but lucky King wasting a large portion of Portuguese Currency, leading to Portuguese Bankrupt in José I's Reign.
Capital: Lisbon
Unique Ability: Treaty of Tordesilhas, By Seas Never Sailed Before, Beyond the Cape Bojador;
Trait: +2 Gold from Sea Routes. Naval Units have +1 Sight. Caravels are Unlocked at Compass.
Double Gold Upon Discovering a City-State. Coastal Cities provide 33% less Unhappiness. Caravels are Unlocked at Compass
Great Merchants Generation is 33% Faster. Sea Routes ignore Enemy Territory.
Analysis:
Treaty of Tordesilhas was a Treaty between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Castilla which divided the World's Exploration in two parts, in a line specificaly some hundred miles south of Cape Verde, as the demands made by the Kingdom of Portugal, due to Excellent Knowdlege of Geography due to Portuguese Cartographers and Sailors, leading to the mystical Cartography School of Sagres, a legendary school supposed to be run by Henrique the Navigator himself.
By Seas Never Sailed Before is the third verse of the first chant of 'Os Lusíadas' by Luís Vaz de Camões the most recognized Portuguese poetry, exalting the Portuguese Discoveries and similiar to Homer's Poems as 'The Odissey'
Beyond the Cape Bojador is another reference to Portuguese Poetry, the eight verse of 'Mar Português' in 'Mensagem' by Fernando Pessoa, a well-known XIX Century Portuguese Poet.
Unique Unit: Nau, Carrack (Ranged Naval Unit, Avaible at Compass) +2 , can Disembark and found Coastal Cities/ Colony Improvement
Unique Unit: Bandeirante (Replaces Musketman). -1 and + 15 , May Build Plantations, Mines, Forts and Trading Posts. Ignores Terrain Cost on Hills. (May Build Colonies / Found Coastal Cities.)
Unique Building: Feitoria (Replaces Market) May only be built in Coastal Cities. +1 per Luxury Resource, +3 if the City is connected to the Capital. Grants a small defense bonus (2 ).