F1 - Research, Luxury, and Cities, along with finances
F2 - Resources and who you can trade with
F3 - Your military
F4 - Who you know.
F5 - I believe this is the culture one
F6 - Technology
F7 - Wonders
F8 - Victory/Histograph
F9 - Palace?
F10 - Top 5 cities?
F11 - Spaceship?
The last three is because I don't know the order.
F1 - Domestic Advisor.
F2 - Trade Advisor.
F3 - Military Advisor.
F4 - Foreign Advisor.
F5 - Culture Advisor.
F6 - Science Advisor.
F7 - Wonders of the world.
F8 - Victory Conditions and scores.
F9 - Palace.
F10 - Space Ship.
F11 - Top 5 cities and Demographics.
F12 - Nothing.
Not necessarily, I had riflemen when they had pikes, and my military advisor said that we fear their pikemen..
Not exactly. Your military advisor will always fear the enemies most advanced unit. Just as the AI always fears your most advanced unit. And since the AI's most advanced unit was pikemen, that's what he feared.