Cyc, MysteryX, and vmxa: Thanks so much!
In a couple of days Ill start my summer vacation and should have long, long hours to try out your suggestions. A few more questions & issues:
Irrigation and Specialization: Ive thought of irrigation as an improvement to a single tile, but I take it I can chain irrigated tiles like building a ditch. Oh
thats important. Also I can see that I took too much to heart the warning that it didnt pay to irrigate grassland under despotism and became biased in favor of miningbeyond despotism.
I think here I also need a larger sense of specialized cities. I got a clue that a settler factory should produce a lot of food, but then other cities would specialize in shields or commerce. A city specializing in shields would have lots of mines and mountains, I think, and would be good for producing wonders and, um
what? And a city specializing in commerce would have gold, roads, and related improvements (stock market, bank?), and I think it would help speed up my research?
Military: I keep reading that I only need to defend border cities, but I am very nervous to leave any city without at least a spearman. The AI seems to know when I have and unprotected city and make a beeline for it (while I never seem to know what defenseses its cities have). And when war starts, theres no time to send defenses all over. Should I be thinking in terms of mobile response squads stationed around the map to go where needed? Is it really good enough to just guard the border? (Makes me nervous just thinking about it.)
Also, regarding walls: even having built the Great Wall, they dont provide a meaningful addition to my defenses?
Government Type and Research: I think I have two rules of thumb now that can guide my play for a while at my current level. 1) Try to hurry from Despotism to Monarcy; 2) Aim for Republic and then settle there. Under Republic, War Weariness is a pain, but Im to address that by having short, focused wars. But one of the suggestions above seemed to say I therefore dont need to research Democracy. Im with you, but it seems like at some point the game will make me research it to move on, wont it? Can I skip techs I dont want?
Disbanding Units: Ha! How had I forgotten about this? Especially for those that cant be upgraded, I could use them to speed production and get rid of the old units? Any guidance here?
Developing the Core/Cost/Benefit of City Improvements: So a well-developed core would mean interconnected cities, each of which has terrain improvements to make the most of its workers (considering specialization too) and has appropriate city improvements, yeah? Ive been telling myself everyone has the right to a temple, with the belief that temples are required for growth and add to happiness and are therefore always a good thing. Im also driven to give every city a barracks, so I can produce soldiers quickly in time of need, and so they can defend themselves (healing). When the time comes, I want to give everyone a library and then a university, because I have the vague sense that it speeds up research. I dont know how to decide whether a granary is worth it, except in the case of a settler factory. I see I need to value markets more. Am I wrong so far? What else should I keep in mind?
Thanks again for your help. I look forward to taking your advice with me on some great voyages.