Spatzimaus
Mad Scientist
isn't true that happiness per city is capped at its size? It cannot create more happiness than it's own size, right?
Not exactly. There are two types of happiness: <Happiness>, and <UnmoddedHappiness>. <Happiness>, on buildings, is capped by population. <UnmoddedHappiness> isn't capped, and neither are non-Building happiness sources (like Policies).
In the vanilla game, every building that provides happiness uses <Happiness>, with only three exceptions: Circus Maximus, Notre Dame and the Eiffel Tower. Those use Unmodded because they add so much. (Macchu Picchu adds 4 and uses the normal <Happiness>). However, happiness from Policies (including the policies that give you happiness for having a certain building) is not capped.
Since a city in the vanilla game generates 3+1/pop unhappiness, the population unhappiness basically offsets the happiness buildings, while the 3/city balances the 9 free Happiness you start with, your policies, etc. The math gets stranger when you start adding things like the Forbidden Palace that reduce population unhappiness by a percentage, where you can actually have a net gain from the capped buildings.
In this Balance mod, though, the base unhappiness is 4 + 1.2/pop. That extra 0.2 causes real problems if buildings are capped at 1/pop, so my extra growth buildings (Aqueduct, Sewer System, Recycling Center, Habitation Domes) are all +1 UnmoddedHappiness. The idea is that if you build one every ~5 population, you'll cancel out that extra 0.2 from population.
In the Content Mod:
Happiness: Hologram Theater (+2), Brood Pit (+1), Temple of Gaia (+2), Hybrid Forest (+1), Nanoreplicator (+1)
UnmoddedHappiness: Centauri Preserve (+2) and any Wonders or National Wonders that add Happiness.
Last night I tried something: playing a game without going out of my way to pick Happiness policies. I went Liberty-Rationalism-Freedom, each of which has a few Happiness boosters but doesn't really focus on it.
As I got into the Digital, I was having real problems with Happiness. By the late Digital I was negative, even BEFORE I got to the Genejacks. I had every luxury (and had bribed every city-state, all of my cities had built everything that boosted happiness, and I just couldn't stay above zero because my large (size 30+) cities were growing so fast from all the surplus food I had. Even with an Omnicyte-heavy empire (which meant plenty of Centauri Preserves), I just couldn't get back above zero. Thankfully I pulled off a diplomatic win right about then, but it means I'm going to look into slowing the growth rates down a bit; food storage is a bit too high at the moment, I think. (80% once you get to Medical Labs, which aren't long after Hospitals.) So I might knock Medical Labs from 20% down to 10% and give them a better research boost or something to compensate.