The gameboard is populated with "bubbles" or "cells" of special resources, each cell has 8. Special resources in each cell are arrayed in two possible patterns, 1-3-3-1 or 2-4-2. This means that, from West to East, there will be either three or four columns in a cell, and the special squares in a column are in a tilted line from SW to NE, 3 squares N and 1 square E of the last special square (or 3S1W). The next column to the East will be 3 squares E and 1S of the previous special square. Unless there is no special square there, then you know that's the edge of the cell.
It's sorta like a sudoku puzzle. All terrain types have a special version, except grasslands. Find an oilswamp or goldmountain, or whatever, look 3 squares in each cardinal direction then 1 square perpendicular clockwise. Is there a special resource there? If not, is it a grassland? If so, check 3+1, the "long knight's jump" in the cardinal directions. If you find a column of them from SW to NE, and there are 4 in the column, then you know that it is a 2-4-2 cell. From the middle two specials in a line of four, there will always be two specials 3W1N of them, and 2 more at 3E1S of the middle two.
If you spot a line of 3 in a column, and can verify that it is not actually a line of 4, then you know there will be another column of 3 either to the West or the East, each special square either 3W1N or 3E1S of the three you found. It must be a 1-3-3-1 cell. When you find the middle 6 squares, you know there will be 2 more in the cell: column #1 is a single square 3W1N of the middle square of column #2, and column #4 is also a single, 3E1S of the middle square in column #3.
Cells continue across the coasts, so the pattern in the fish can be followed onto land. The cells break at the dateline, the Seam In The World, but you are never allowed to place a city which can see across the dateline in cityview anyway, so no matter. The cells break at the Poles, so just be aware that if you spot a pattern near the North Pole, you might only be seeing the southern half of that cell.
Knowing the pattern, you can tell which empty grasslands will turn special with development work. Tip: if you're going to make a bland grassland into a deerforest, lay down your road and RailRoad first, much faster while it's still grass.