sirtommygunn: Thank you, and my apologies for the delay
Inevitable Conflict? The British Fight the Great War
February - June 1919
In 1918, the British Admiralty had proposed a bold operation against the Ottoman Empire, aimed at an attack near their capital. The plan itself - an amphibious assault on the Gallipoli peninsula south-west of the capital - had in fact been suggested back at the opening of the war, but it was shelved in favour of more traditional offensives along the Eastern Mediterranean coastline. Now, with those pushes over, it was decided on gambling what forces were left in a final attempt to knock the Ottomans out of the war.
The plans for the opening landings
Part of the reason behind the landings was due to the region destabilising rapidly. Rebel groups, mostly fighting for an independent Turkey as the Ottoman Empire slowly collapsed, had been engaged in guerrilla warfare for three years now - mostly on Asia Minor and away from British-held territories. By now, however, they were becoming common across the Middle-East, as dozens of factions fought for independence. As such, the need to end the war and partition Ottoman territories rapidly gained importance, as it would free up British troops to return to Europe, particularly those garrisoning Turkish lands.
The independence movement came to a head in early 1919, when rebel troops managed to land in and seize the island of Cyprus from Britain. Given it’s importance in harbouring the Royal Navy’s Mediterranean Fleet, such an attack (and the fact the island was undefended) was a grave embarrassment to the Admiralty, and High Command as a whole. Though it was retaken two months later, it sealed the fate of the Gallipoli campaign - it had to go ahead.
The uprisings in the Middle East were not localised events - for years, civilian dissent had plagued the major powers in their war efforts. It had only been recently - most obvious with the Turkish independence movement and the Soviet uprising in Russia - that such rebellious groups had made their presence known. It was no different in the British Isles, where throughout the year of 1919 organised groups, rallied against the government, fought for the end of the war. As was made clear by High Command, it was ironic that such groups would violently fight for such a cause, but it was becoming obvious to all - the threat of revolutionary forces was real, particularly given the continuing survival of ‘communists’ in Russia. The message was clear - the war had to end.
The landings at Gallipoli
The great landing at Gallipoli passed without much crisis. The Royal Navy began heavy bombardment of the region, suppressing the enemy enough to allow British and Commonwealth forces to land troops on the peninsula. With the bulk of the Ottoman forces still engaged with Bulgaria against the Romanians, it was an easy task to secure the region. By May, and with expected losses, the Allied Power had secured Gallipoli.
The expected counterattack was held, but it was quickly realised that there was nowhere near enough forces to continue the push towards Constantinople, particularly given the intelligence information received on the city defences. However, reinforcements were being summoned from whatever could be spared from the Middle East - even at the expense of captured territory in Ottoman Territory in Asia Minor - and naval bombardments were ordered on Constantinople. Regardless of if the city could be taken, it would finally suffer the horrors of war.
Gallipoli taken
The truth was, the so-called Great War was entering it’s final stages, but there was no clear victor in sight. The Ottoman Empire was falling apart, but still maintained a powerful army. Russia, Italy, France, America and Serbia had gained little, but were still overly determined to achieve some sort of final victory. Finally, there remained Britain and Germany. Both were overstretched, both were reaching the limits of their strength, both were ready for a final clash. The game was approaching it’s zenith…