Ancient Iran Quiz

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Let's test our knowledge on the history of Persia in antiquity. These questions are mostly based on sources written by ancient historians. Some of these should be easy, some could be extremely hard...

1. Which handicap (according to Herodotus) did the Median king Astyages have in his old age?

2. Which Persian king of old did Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty, claim to be related to?

3. What is the modern name for the Sasanid palace in Ctesiphon (Iraq)?

4. How many men did Herodotus count in the Persian army that invaded Greece under Xerxes I. (Bonus: How many are they thought to have been in reality)?

5. Who killed Xerxes II. (Bonus: Who killed the killer)?

6. Who commanded the Parthian forces at the battle of Carrhae in 53 BC (Bonus: Who killed him ;) )?

7. Which name, according to Plutarch, does Dinon claim that Artaxerxes II. (404-359 BC) have before he ascended the throne?

8. Why was Cambyses II. (530-522 BC) forced to drop the planned conquest of Carthage?

9. Whom was Peroz (459-484 AD) soundly defeated twice by (Bonus: How was he defeated the second time)?

10. Where is the assumed tomb of Darius III (336-330 BC) situated?
 
1-blind?
3-Bagdad?
4-500000?
5-Xerxes II was killed by Sogdianus,
Sogdianus was killes by Ochus (Darius II)
8-Becouse Gaumata who was a balilonian magi said that he was smerdis (who was killed secretly), the brother of cambyses II and seized power.
So Cambyses rushed back to persia.
 
1-blind?

That is correct

3-Bagdad?

No, not the city, the palace

4-500000?

No... think higher

5-Xerxes II was killed by Sogdianus,
Sogdianus was killes by Ochus (Darius II)


Yes! Exactly!

8-Becouse Gaumata who was a balilonian magi said that he was smerdis (who was killed secretly), the brother of Cambyses II and seized power. So Cambyses rushed back to persia.

No, that was one of the reasons why the conquest of Nubia failed, but the conquest of Carthage was turned down much earlier.
 
Your question are really difficult!

Are you the one who makes all those ancient persia scenarios?
They rock!
 
2. Achaimenes
6.Surena; Pomaxathres (looked that one up, sorry!)
 
Your question are really difficult!

That's what I was afraid of :(
I'll get a batch of easier ones when these are answered

Are you the one who makes all those ancient persia scenarios?
They rock!


That's me. Thanks :)

2. Achaimenes

Well, that could be counted, as this king was a descendant to Achaimenes (if the genealogy of the Bisotun inscription is correct), but it wasn't him.

6.Surena; Pomaxathres (looked that one up, sorry!)

Well, it's correct anyway ;)
 
I think that you will have to answer the remaining questions becouse no-one knowsw the answers but you :p

I visited your page and there you said that you liked to answer historical questions, these ones are 2 things that intrigue me.

Can I ask you some historical questions?
Knight-Dragon (our chinese history authority) said that the Silk Road started around the beginning of the Christian era, once a Chinese envoy made contact with the Kushans, who had been driven to the west by the Hsiung-nu.

But according to the following links it seems that in the persian empire there was a kind of embryonic silk route.

http://www.livius.org/sh-si/silk_road/silk_road.html

http://www.livius.org/sh-si/silk_road/silk.jpg- The map

And I also want to ask you about something I never understood widely.

In the persian empire Babylon was one of the biggest cities, religious and trade centers of the world.
And in a way the old mesopotamian culture remained alive there.
After the conquer of Alexander established his capital city in Babylon but during the seleucid kingdom Babylon decayed very rapidly until disappearing completely.
Why?
 
Originally posted by Kublai-Khan
Can I ask you some historical questions?
Knight-Dragon (our chinese history authority) said that the Silk Road started around the beginning of the Christian era, once a Chinese envoy made contact with the Kushans, who had been driven to the west by the Hsiung-nu.

But according to the following links it seems that in the persian empire there was a kind of embryonic silk route.

http://www.livius.org/sh-si/silk_road/silk_road.html

http://www.livius.org/sh-si/silk_road/silk.jpg- The map
Happenned to pick up a book on the Silk Road recently (fr the library). A few points.

1) Apparently the first peoples (Tocharians and others) to inhabit the Tarim Basin area (i.e. modern Sinkiang) are Indo-Europeans. The Yueh-chih or Kushans are Indo-Europeans. Probably they're related to the Scythians and the Sakae. They brought charioteering and horse-riding into the Tarim Basim. Arguably, these techs were later transmited to China fr there. So in the earliest times, there already had been some line of comm across High Asia.

2) Since long before the time of the Silk Road, there already had been a 'Jade Road' where the high quality jade of Khotan made its way into China (where it's highly valued). Probably some silk went in the opposite direction and some might eventually end up in the West.

3) When the agent sent by the Wudi emperor of the Han made contact with the Yueh-chih (and returned), this opened up the official phase of the Silk Road when it's being officially protected by the govt. The Chinese empire sent armies into the Tarim Basin to secure the route fr marauding tribes and esp fr the Hsiung-nu. In the west, the Kushans had built their new empire across the Hindu Kush into N India.
 
Can I ask you some historical questions?
Knight-Dragon (our chinese history authority) said that the Silk Road started around the beginning of the Christian
era, once a Chinese envoy made contact with the Kushans, who had been driven to the west by the Hsiung-nu.

But according to the following links it seems that in the persian empire there was a kind of embryonic silk route.


Well, I'd like to put it this way.
Trade routes, and such titanical ones as the silk route in particular, don't turn up over night.
Often they develop over time.
The silk route as we know it (i.e. a trade route through all of central asia for the trade of silk) could very well have started to exist as Knight-Dragon put it.
But there are definite evidences of mercantile connections between China and the west, and of course, these routes went through Persia.
Greek historians, for example, write a lot about 'Persian' fruits such as peaches, citrus, etc.
These do not appear on any Persian list, or on the Elamite administration tablets (Fortification tablets, etc.) found in Persepolis.
They did, however, exist in China, so it is quite obvious that there was such trade.
Later, during Roman times, silk became more interesting, so the main focus on trade between the west and China, of course, was silk.
Right now I'm reading 'Creation' by Gore Vidal. Vidal is a very attentive historian novelist, as it appears, and the main character in this book is a persian envoy to Athens, India and China (Carthay). This might be interesting in that context..

And I also want to ask you about something I never understood widely.

In the persian empire Babylon was one of the biggest cities, religious and trade centers of the world.
And in a way the old mesopotamian culture remained alive there.
After the conquer of Alexander established his capital city in Babylon but during the seleucid kingdom Babylon
decayed very rapidly until disappearing completely.
Why?


Well...
First of all, I'd like to point out that there is no clear evidence that Alexander did aim to make Babylon his capital. I'll come back to that.
Seleucus Nicator attempted to create a new Greek empire, not a Graeco-Iranian empire as Alexander wanted to. That is why, for example, Seleucus payed virtually no attention to the eastern provinces of his empire, so Persia, Media Atropatene , etc. became independent, and the Parthians had quite an easy time later on to conquer this area (the Seleucids are often also called 'kings of Syria').
Well, Seleucus founded a new city in Mesopotamia, Seleucia (or Seleukeia, in Greek), as a new capital. This was layed out to metropolitan dimensions.
But his loss of interest in the east, and the gain of interest towards the greek west soon motivated him to establish a new residence in Syria, Antiochia (Antiocheia), which soon became one of the largest cities in the Graeco-Roman world (This is what might have happened to Alexandreia in Egypt if Alexander had lived on).
Now, Babylon lost its privileged situation in all of Mesopotamia, as Seleucia, and later, its Iranian/Parthian counterweight, Ctesiphon, gained the suprerior role in this area.
The elité, who resided in Babylon, of course, now moved away, and so, the people of Babylon lost the support they had had during Persian times. And as there were a lot new greek foundings in Mesopotamia, the people moved there and established their future.
As a cultural center, Babylon lost its position simply because in the new greek cities new temples were built, and so there was no need to build new ones in Babylon.
The Parthians continued that tradition, and so did the Sasanians. There were a lot of new foundings during Parthian and Sasanian times.
So, very simple, the people lost interest in Babylon and moved away, there was no support, and the city just went down.
Of course, here I wrote a lot of own opinions, but I think most of it won't be bullsh!t.

OK, here now are the answers to the other questions (they were quite hard, sorry):

1.) Blind, as Kubilai said correctly
2.) Artaxerxes II (404-359 BC)
3.) Taq-i Kisra
4.) 5.283.220 (estimated to have been ca. 200.000-250.000 in reality)
5.) As Kubilai said correctly, Xerxes II was killed by Sogdianos (Sekyndianos), who in return was killed by Ochos (Darius II, 423-404 BC)
6.) As Nahuixtelotzin said correctly, Surenas commanded the Parthian forces, and he was killed by Pomaxathres.
7.) Plutarch mentions Artaxerxes II's original name to be Arsicas, relating to Ctesias, but mentions that Dinon said his original name was Oarses (Arses).
8.) He planned to use the Phoenecian (Tyran) fleet to conquer Carthage, but the Phoenecians refused to start war against their own people (Carthage was founded by the Phoenecians, and there were still close commercial ties to its mother city, Tyrus, but I think that is clear).
9.) Peroz was defeated by the Hephtalites (White Huns) from central asia twice, in 465 and in 484 AD. The second time, the Hephtalites chased him and his cavalry into a hidden trench, where they broke into and were slaughtered man by man (but later buried in Zoroastrian tradition).
10.) That's a tricky one. The assumed tomb of Darius III (unfinished) is situated ca. 500 metres southeast to the terace of Persepolis.

Want any more (easier) questions?
 
Stefan, I'm glad to see you mention fruits as evidence of trade. There are many ways contact can be proven simply by what people were eating, just as technology leaves its traces. My favorite example is the potato. There is no doubt that it originated in the Andes. Yet by 1000ad, they were being grown as far away as Asia. Hmm... it seems the polynesians may have done more trade than is normally acknowledged. After all, if they could find Easter Island, Hawaii, and such places, it seems awfully ridiculous to think they couldn't find South America.

Anyway, citrus fruits were domesticated in southern China. Such a commodity would only get traded as dried foods, or planted by an enterprising entrepeneur or wealthy person. I don't recall how quickly they spread across eurasia as a crop, but I can find out if people are interested.
 
Sodak: Can you give any sources that potatos existed in Asia before the european discovery of the Americas?

(BTW: It is me.)
 
Hmmm... OK, this should be a level easier...

1.) What was the final persian stronghold in Europe, and who conquered it from them (when)?

2.)What was the official administrative language of the Achaemenid empire after Darius I?

3.) Who led the 10,000 greek mercenaries on their retreat from the persian battlegrounds before Xenophon took command (he was killed by Tissaphernes, a persian satrap)?

4.) What is the name of Ardasher I's (AD 224-240) capital in Persia (Fars)?

5.) Where were the royal Arsacid (Parthian) tombs?

6.) According to Herodotus, which three things did the Persians teach their children "from the age of five to the age of twenty"?

7.) Where does the sepparation between the line of Cyrus and the line of Darius start, according to the genalogy of the Bisotun inscription (i.e. who was the first king/man in the line of Darius)?

8.) Herodotus extensively describes the traditional scythian/sacan (massaget) intoxication of a certain plant. The Persians named this tribe after this intoxication to easily differ between the various sacan tribes. What does Herodotus name this intoxication (bonus: what is the plant thought to be)?

9.) What are the royal persian (achaemenid) audience halls called in Persian?

10.) In British/Antiquated English, which title was given to V(B)ahram V (AD 421-439) (Take it humorously -Bonus: what is the title in Persian?)
 
1-Is it somewhere in the caucasus?
2-elamite
6-never lie, never have debts
7-After teispes- with cyrus and the median king whose name I can´t remember.
8-the plant is cannabis.
10- Sha?/ light of the aryans?
 
Originally posted by Nahuixtelotzin
Sodak: Can you give any sources that potatos existed in Asia before the european discovery of the Americas?
(BTW: It is me.)
I've only seen this discussed once. The title is something like "Agricultural Origins and Dispersal" - I have it at home and can give a more accurate citing this evening. The book is highly respected and oft cited. IIRC, the author diverges into inference to the use of potatoes. No actual remains or pollen or other evidence, just a high likelihood.

It's been about 10 years since I read it, so I'll have to look up the details later. If nothing else, maybe I can make a quiz thread about ag history... :)
 
:o My memory fails me! :o

Altho I did remember correctly that a tuber was already in widespread use as far afield as Asia, it was not the potato, but the sweet potato. It was usually assumed that it was introduced by the Spaniards or Portuguese to Asia and Oceania. Later on, it turned out that the Polynesians had been cultivating it for a long time before the europeans ever reached the Americas. The sweet potato was a lowland crop grown originally in the Amazon basin and Pacific coastal South America. The potato was a highland crop.

The book I refer to is "Agricultural Origins and Dispersals" by C.O.Sauer, 1952.
 
Originally posted by Stefan Haertel
Hmmm... OK, this should be a level easier...

1.) What was the final persian stronghold in Europe, and who conquered it from them (when)?

2.)What was the official administrative language of the Achaemenid empire after Darius I?

3.) Who led the 10,000 greek mercenaries on their retreat from the persian battlegrounds before Xenophon took command (he was killed by Tissaphernes, a persian satrap)?

4.) What is the name of Ardasher I's (AD 224-240) capital in Persia (Fars)?

5.) Where were the royal Arsacid (Parthian) tombs?

6.) According to Herodotus, which three things did the Persians teach their children "from the age of five to the age of twenty"?

7.) Where does the sepparation between the line of Cyrus and the line of Darius start, according to the genalogy of the Bisotun inscription (i.e. who was the first king/man in the line of Darius)?

8.) Herodotus extensively describes the traditional scythian/sacan (massaget) intoxication of a certain plant. The Persians named this tribe after this intoxication to easily differ between the various sacan tribes. What does Herodotus name this intoxication (bonus: what is the plant thought to be)?

9.) What are the royal persian (achaemenid) audience halls called in Persian?

10.) In British/Antiquated English, which title was given to V(B)ahram V (AD 421-439) (Take it humorously -Bonus: what is the title in Persian?)


Even though I am Iranian I am embarssed by not knowing some of these questions so I'll guess:

1: Mcale?
2: Elamite
3. I think his name stars with a C
4. Susa?
5. In Persian it is called Tisfun but I don't know the English-Greek Name
6. According to Herodotus Persian children didn't see their fathers till 5 year old but I think it was Riding-Archery-?
7. I beleive Darius was a cousin of Cyrus which he overthrew Guamat and named himself king
8. ?
9. ?
10. Varahran?
 
Oh my, these questions appear to be even tougher than the first ones!

Kubilai:
1-Is it somewhere in the caucasus?

Nope, it's in Greece allright

Question nr. 2. needs to be recited as "after Darius I's death", so Elamite is correct for the times of Darius and, perhaps, Xerxes I, I'll count that for both of you. After Xerxes, it was Aramaean.

6-never lie, never have debts

Never lie is correct.

7-After teispes- with cyrus and the median king whose name I can´t remember.

After Teispes is correct, the name of the first in Darius' line is Ariaramnes.

8-the plant is cannabis.

Yes, now we're looking for the ancient name.

10- Sha?/ light of the aryans?

No, I meant like surname, or honor name (you know, like "The Great" etc.)
"Light of the Aryans" ("Aryamehr") is one of the many titles invented by Muhammad Reza Pahlavi.

admiralspock:

1: Mcale?

No, it's on the Greek mainland.

(for nr 2, see above)

3. I think his name stars with a C

Yes, in Latin it starts with a C...

4. Susa?

No... Susa is in Elam, the city I mean is in Persia (Fars).

5. In Persian it is called Tisfun but I don't know the English-Greek Name

You mean Ctesiphon? Well, I don't know if later Parthian kings are buried there, but I mean the earlier ones (hint: it's at today's Iranian-Turkmeni border, on the Turkmen side).

6. According to Herodotus Persian children didn't see their fathers till 5 year old but I think it was Riding-Archery-?

Yes, plus the one Kubilai mentioned. Well, the Persian boys were raised by their mothers until the age of five at least..

7. I beleive Darius was a cousin of Cyrus which he overthrew Guamat and named himself king

The precise relation of Darius to the royal Achaemenids is unknown, we only have the Bisotun inscription, and according to it, Darius was a distant relative to Cyrus (3 generations between them, to lazy to figure that out now). He was definately in the same generation as Cambyses II, as they propably both were of the same age (Darius was 28 when he took the throne).

10. Varahran?

Perhaps that wasn't all that easy...
If you guys still want a quiz I'll make it a lot easier, and, to make it fair, here are some links I found useful:

http://www.livius.org.catalogue
http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/ARI/ARI.html
(all royal Achaemenid inscriptions in their original languages and with English translation)
http://www.parthia.com
 
I would like to have more quizzes, but only if it doesnt bothers you.Don´t feel obligated to continue if you don´t want.
But at least
please answer the question:D

Do you know where can I find info about the indus valley under persian rule?
 
I would like to have more quizzes, but only if it doesnt bothers you.Don´t feel obligated to continue if you don´t
want.


Well, I do want to, so I'll think of some more (this time really) easier questions. Here are the answers:

1.) The last European stronghold was Eion in Thracia. It was conquered in 476 BC by Cimon.

3.) Clearchus/Klearchos

4.) The ancient name was Ardasher-Khvarrah or Gor/Gur, it is now known as Firuzabad.

5.) The ones I meant were at Nisa.

8.) Herodotus names it Haoma.

9.) The royal audience halls were called Apadana

10.) Bahram/Vahram V. was surnamed "Gor" in Persian (Somewhere I read "Chobin"). I found his name in some English-speaking list as "The wild @ss"

Do you know where can I find info about the indus valley under persian rule?

That's difficult. If you want to, I can give you an excerpt from Romilia Thapar's "A History of India Vol. 1", where there is something about the Persian influences in India...
Herodotus also mentions the conquest of the Indus valley in, I think, book III, if I'm correct somewhere between chapters (or whatever they're supposed to be) 88-117.
For true entertainment, I'd also reccomend "Creation" by Gore Vidal (except if you're an arch-conservative Philhellene). He als writes a bit about that, but this is a rather historical-fictional novel about a Persian noble in the times of Darius, Xerxes and Artaxerxes I.
Since the topic of the Persians in India interests me too, I'll try to find somemore info about that.
 
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