To ACTUALLY ANSWER the OP's question: not to my knowledge. You can tell the governor to emphasize certain things, such as hammers/commerce/gp/whatever, but I don't think that actually modifies what the city produces as much as it should.
Honestly, with minimal effort the automation in this game could be a lot better. Just simple things like "build military" or maybe classifying production options (wealth buildings, science, hammers, military, wonders

lol

, etc) and letting the player pick those along with the "tile" emphasize buttons. Implementing this and then having the AI actually "specialize" cities using it would likely make AI usage of land more efficient also.
But alas, such is not the case. We're stuck with micro. Hey - if you don't like it don't do it and just play at prince or below. Otherwise, I suggest learning to queue builds in cities and set loops for unit production - it does cut down on some micro tedium after all.
I micro most things until pretty late in the game when playing with my roommate in multiplayer, with the "blazing!!!!" turn timer on...so it doesn't have to take long. Still, if you don't like it, don't do it.
The only way to get the governor to consistently build military that I'm aware of is to get into war, but that's...kind of late IMO.
Edit: Automation of tiles is better in civ IV, while production was better in civ III...couldn't they have combined this? I can't imagine the programming was too much...