It would be an interesting project to make a Civ4 DLL that allowed a variable number of players.
Medium Hard:
Have it read a file or configuration variable somewhere that says how many players there are. Change all of the fixed-sized arrays to variable-sized buffers based on that value.
Downside: Lots of grunt work, and your DLL no longer matches the standard source tree.
Harder solution: Find a place to shove some extra data, saying how many players there are, early in the file stream. Read that early on to set the number of players, then go from there.
Downside: Same grunt work. Loading a new file takes lots of special care, as you might change player count.
Of course, the really easy solution to this is to get a compiler, download the betterAI source, change the number of players constant, and compile it yourself. Considering that the really easy solution is beyond most people, the above difficulties should be taken with a grain of salt.