<Settings> fills the role of <FrontEndActions> in that .modinfo structure. However, if you're updating text, it should look something like this:
Code:
<Mod>
<Files>
<File>textchanges.xml</File>
<File>databasechanges.xml</File>
</Files>
<!-- Front End (menus and such) -->
<Settings>
<LocalizedText id="frontchanges">
<Items>
<File>textchanges.xml</File>
</Items>
</LocalizedText>
</Settings>
<!-- In-Game -->
<Components>
<UpdateDatabase id="ingamedbchanges">
<Items>
<File>databasechanges.xml</File>
</Items>
</UpdateDatabase>
<LocalizedText id="ingametextchanges">
<Items>
<File>textchanges.xml</File>
</Items>
</LocalizedText>
</Components>
</Mod>
note: I'm not entirely sure that the second <LocalizedText> entry in the <Components> field is necessary, but in my experience not including it can cause problems where your text changes show on the pre-game menus, but not in-game.
You're clearly not using ModBuddy (which is your prerogative, I didn't for a time either), but I'd recommend it even if only to ease the creation of .modinfo files, since it will do it for you automatically after you've selected what actions to do with what files and stuff, and you can be reasonably certain that ModBuddy will do it correctly, exactly as the game expects it.
Also, if you're going to use <Replace> tags with localization (which isau is right to recommend, my text changes were very finicky with working properly until I just used <Replace> statements), remember to also replace the Language column. Using isau's example:
Code:
<GameData>
<LocalizedText>
<Replace Tag="LOC_CIVILIZATION_LISBON_ADJECTIVE" Language="en_US">
<Text>Macau</Text>
<Gender>Masculine:an</Gender>
</Replace>
<Replace Tag="LOC_LEADER_TRAIT_LISBON_NAME" Language="en_US">
<Text>Macau Suzerain Bonus</Text>
</Replace>
</LocalizedText>
</GameData>
Failing to replace the Language column has also caused text to not show up properly in my experience, because the game expects one for any given localization (it won't default to English).
Note that I use the LocalizedText table to update game localization; perhaps including the language isn't necessary if you use BaseGameText.