Assuming that you haven't busted your trade-rep in the meantime, there could be lots of reasons for this:
- As a result of war or a third party's border-expansion, they no longer control sufficient excess Lux to ship one to you (whereas if you'd accepted the deal 'as-is', you would have deprived them of the last of that Lux that they controlled -- the one they were using to help keep their own citizens happy)
- You (may have forgotten that you) had also included a one-off payment (e.g. a Map, a Tech, lump-sum gold, etc.) in the original deal -- only the 'per-turn' conditions show up during renegotiations, so it could be that the AI wants another one-off payment
- Your population has grown, or you've gained control of another Lux, or you've built Markets in one or more towns since you made the deal -- all of these will make an additional Lux a lot more valuable to you, so now you've opened renegotiations, the AI will want you to pay more for it
- If the original deal also included GPT payments one way or the other, you or the AICiv might no longer have available GPT
Regarding that last, the AI (and you) can only pay GPT if if there is actually a net positive income
at that instant in game-time (total Treasury-size is not taken into account). So if they could pay GPT 20T ago, but now they can't, that means their net income has gone to zero or negative in the meantime (maybe because someone else cancelled a GPT-payment to them, e.g. as a result of a DoW).