In theory, defines are faster. That's because defines are actually part of the C++ preprocessor, which means that all occurences of a defined namespace are replaced in the source code before it is even compiled, i.e. they use absolutely no disk space.
Enums on the other hand are only a certain type of constants, which are still stored somewhere and have to be accessed, which can take up some time.
I don't think that it makes a practical difference in this case, though.