Originally posted by Hyronymus
I thought Carthage fell when Rome won the First Punic War and gained control of almost all metal deposits in and around the Mediterranian Sea. It also didn't help that General Barca decided to start it's own capital (New Carthage) around the same time.
Carthage only lost Sicaly and all of its isands in the Mediterrainian, along with all claims to Northern Spain. The First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)was more or less a naval war, though.
In the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.), Hannibal comes along, and invades Rome, but was called back to defend Carthage when a Roman force under Scipio Africanus landed and threatened Carthage itself. Hannibal managed to muster an army some 50,000 strong, nearly identical to the size of the Roman army, and he had elefants. However, Scipio managed to defeat this army (I don't want to go into details 'cause I don't want to make this a really long post) and then forced Carthage to sue for peace. She had to give up almost her entire navy and merchant fleet, pay reperations, and I believe she also lost Spain -- I'll need to think on this.
In the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.), Carthage again tried to challenge Rome, but instead got an invading army which captured Carthage and burnt it to the ground. This was when the Romans went with total anniliation and destroyed everything.
Originally posted by Atrebates
Did this happen? Okay the Senate controlled all military matters etc... but I believed family animosity just moved into the political arena, the rise of Caesar was possible due to his Julii ancestry and family politics appear to be present when the empire split.
Yes, that did happen, but it was more on a political scale than militarily. Each family was in itself its own faction, having dominance in certain areas of Italy, such as northern Italy for the Julli. Now, the Senate acted as the binding between these factions, and the senators would be family members from their home regions who would represnt their family's intrests in the Senate, as well as those of Rome as a whole. When it came to influence and power, military conquest did become a factor. Caesar's campaigns, and his lavish spending, won the support of the populance and with that came considerable influence (Ghafhi -- pay attention to this; my source:
Caesar Against the Celts, by Ramon L. Jimenez), and thus that won him a consul-ship and a governor ship in Transalpine Gaul. When Rome ceased to be a Republic and became more of a true empire (which means that it had an emperor), the whole faction thing pratically disaperred, though it still lingered as certain families would try to get someone to be emperor.