In theory:Portugal:
You got me curious about trying to see if a Nau-spam strategy can work with Portugal, will roll a random portugal game in the next period. Until then, I would love to see you in a game with Portugal, applying your knowledge and strategy with them, since they are one of your favourite civs. Or what would happen in a strategy with Mobilization (autocracy)+Big Ben+Mercantilism? Can you buy Naus for an amount of gold and then recover the gold, buying them for free, in a way, and then just throwing them into wars? Maintenance could become a problem in that case even if the supply limit would only limit production. What do you think about this idea?
Trireme is 45 hammers, upgrades to Nau for 160 gold. Nau itself is 120 hammers.
In the best case scenario I believe Nau gives you ~330 gold when you sell goods.
Let's ignore maintenance costs for a second. If you upgrade from Triremes you're converting 45 hammers into 160-170 gold, roughly 1:4 conversion rate. If you hard-build Naus, you get a 1:2.75 conversion rate.
Default prices for Renaissance buildings and units are close to 4 times their hammer cost: Frigate 185h and 770g, Privateer 150 and 650, Musketman 150 and 540, Bank/Observatory 200 and 780. Realistically you won't get to buy a whole lot of Renaissance stuff with Nau money though, as moving them to the right spot takes quite a bit of time, and you'll be spending a lot of gold to upgrade triremes. However, if you're in Renaissance but don't have Astronomy yet, building Triremes is about as effective as building any Renaissance building or unit, since gold-hammer conversion rates are very close and get better as the game progresses.
Industrial prices are closer to 3x the hammer cost: Public School 300h and 920g, Factory 360 and 1050, Gatling/Rifle 225 and 740. So upgrading Triremes is effective for amassing gold for Industrial buildings and units. An obvious use for this is to get 3150 gold for three factories: that's 19-20 triremes, 855-900 hammers, normally you'd spend 1080 on three factories. You also get a fleet of 20 Naus.
It gets a lot better with Mercantilism. Factories now cost 790 gold, gold-to-hammers ratio 2.2:1. So if you have Mercantilism, hard-building Naus in Renaissance becomes very viable. Big Ben improves the situation as well.
Then things change at ideologies. With Mobilization, Big Ben and Mercantilism, Naus cost 240 gold, so you can just start mass-buying them for profit at this point. Skyscrapers is another great option if you go Order.
Obviously gold can also be spent on things like CS gifts, tile purchases, RAs etc. There's also the fact that gold is flexible - you can spend it in any city, so the Trireme/Nau spam in your best cities can help the weaker ones catch up. And your huge fleet can actually do quite a bit of damage, or at least be intimidating enough for the AIs to give you good peace deals. Maybe you can even tribute CSs if you bring enough ships.
Of course, you'd want several coastal cities for this to work really well, and that's not always an option on Pangaea and even Continents. Those maps are often ice-blocked as well, so getting Naus to the best spot can be a pain or even impossible. There's also the issue of unit supply limit and maintenance costs.
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