The fastest way as far as I know is to create a large empire trough conquest and just bank-in your culture, once you have enough, raze everything and the required culture will drop to a joke compared to what all your cities have gathered. Napoleon is the obvious choice for leader with this strategy.
If you don't want to use this, it still seems large empires can have the upper hand with careful planning:
The cost increase per city in essentially a fixed amount (at the 6th policy for exemple, every city adds 70). now this means that any city is worth keeping as long as it allows you to produce this amount of culture faster than the capital (or main cultural city) can produce the 1 city cost for that policy. From what has been shown on this thread, if your new city can produce at 20% of what your capital does, than it's worth keeping. I don't know the math for puppets but puppets are rarely a good idea because they hurt your economy with their building-craze(you have to pay for the upkeep of all their useless buildings) and you can't really force them to create culture(napoleon might be able to put them to better use). At the same time you have to remember that large empires have many other advantages, namely massive science output which can help you get more wonders, it can also support a larger army and produce more gold(to pay city-states and buy buildings/units)
As for map, the only thing I've seen make a difference is playing on low difficulties(lower than prince) lowers the culture required for policies.
If you don't want to use this, it still seems large empires can have the upper hand with careful planning:
The cost increase per city in essentially a fixed amount (at the 6th policy for exemple, every city adds 70). now this means that any city is worth keeping as long as it allows you to produce this amount of culture faster than the capital (or main cultural city) can produce the 1 city cost for that policy. From what has been shown on this thread, if your new city can produce at 20% of what your capital does, than it's worth keeping. I don't know the math for puppets but puppets are rarely a good idea because they hurt your economy with their building-craze(you have to pay for the upkeep of all their useless buildings) and you can't really force them to create culture(napoleon might be able to put them to better use). At the same time you have to remember that large empires have many other advantages, namely massive science output which can help you get more wonders, it can also support a larger army and produce more gold(to pay city-states and buy buildings/units)
As for map, the only thing I've seen make a difference is playing on low difficulties(lower than prince) lowers the culture required for policies.