I don't know of a way to do it from editing XML only, as neither ImprovementsInfos not MissionInfos do have relevant tags.
You will need to work with Python. There are a onImprovementBuilt() and onUnitBuildImprovement() entry points from the EventManager - should be easy to hook in there, check what improvement was built and substract the gold (or perhaps deny building if there is not enought money).
Watch out tho - unless you are planning to rebalance the whole economic systen - those numbers you talking about could have quite a big impact i.e. on the early game.