The first order of business in 1936 for the Ottomans was to strengthen their position diplomatically. In an attempt to seize land claimed by them, demands were sent to various neighbouring countries. The only one to cave in were the Greeks, who gave up island of Crete and the Dardenelles. The Italians refused to give up Rhodes and Libya, while the British refused to give up Cyprus.
The new sultan, Abdul Mejid was facing the first serious test of his leadership. All sides within the empire were seeking to influence him with their views. Conservatives urged him to hold true to the traditions of the empire, while the liberals and Young Turks sought to modernize the empire. After careful though, it was decided to follow the path of the Young Turks. Industry and infrastructure were developed and money put into scientific research. These reforms however, would prove to be unpopular with the general masses.
With this new power, the Young Turks began to press Abdul Mejid for more changes. They soon came to power, with Enver Pasha taking control of the government. With this they began pushing their reforms. Enver Pasha brought forth his foreign policy, which called for the Ottomans to push their claims further. The Ottomans now restored their claims to all the lands they had lost in the wars of 1913, claiming a sizeable portion of the Balkans. In addition to these, Greece was proclaimed as Ottoman national territory.
With these new claims, an envoy was sent to the government of Bulgaria. The provinces of Plovdiv and Varna were demanded, and the Bulgarian government provided no resistance. The land was handed over to Ottoman control, and government officials moved in to begin the administration of the area.
In August of 1937, Arabs throughout the empire began a revolt. In Palestine, Damascus, Beirut, Baghdad, and Arabia, rebellions broke out. Ottoman soldiers were dispatched from their positions along the Egyptian and Persian borders to suppress the revolts. Soon the Arab rebels were defeated, with the exception of those in Sanaa, who had taken control of a remote province in the south.
Seeking to take advantage of the Arab revolts, the Greeks sought to regain some of the prestige lost when they ceded the islands to the Ottomans. They demanded that Istanbul be handed over to them, and in exchange they would assist in defeating the Arab rebels. The Ottoman government laughed off the Greek demands and sent their envoy back to Athens. They soon backed down on their demands, allowing the Ottomans to concentrate on the Arab rebels.