It [the earliest known Indian civilization] decayed in the middle of the second millennium B.C., perhaps because of the invasion of people who described themselves as Arya (Aryan). Today this term Aryan is an awkward expression, particularly beccause of its association with Hitler and Nazism. This is unfortunate, because Aryan is one of the most commonly used expressions in Indian history. Apart from representing a particular group of people, the term also means 'noble' or 'good'. So, just as the term has unfortunate associations in the Western mind, it has rather attractive associations in Indian thought. Some doubts have been raised as to whether there was ever such a thing as the Aryan race, but this does not really concern us (...)