Mewtarthio
Maybe you'll right, maybe is too much, but think about the fallow:
1 - At begining city population = 10,000
2 - 1 popunit = 1,000 population. At begin city popunits = 10
3 - 1 popunit eats 2 food
4 - City radius = 21 tiles
5 - If we have 8 popunits worked on tiles with productivity = 4 to Flood Plains. Is the maximum of popunits farming tiles.
6 - Then results: 21 * 8 * 4 = 672 food
7 - By # 3: 672 / 2 = 336 food by 10 popunits
8 - By # 2: 336 / 10 = 33.6 food by popunit
9 - By # 1: 33.6 * 10,000 = 336,000 population
10 - Increased by factor 36: 36 * 336,000 = 12,096,000 population
Notes:
- This calculations assume 21 tiles of Flood Plains, wich is not realistic, is more probable we have only 11 or 12. So the city population could down to 7 Millions.
- The values for Grassland and Plains is respectivelly: 10.2 Millions and 7.5 Millions.
- The Genetics tech is only available almost in end of the game and since in real life this technology is recent we don't see all this effects (in Civ how it gonna increase productivity: 2, 3?). Until then maixmum population is 4 Millions, 3.4 Millions and 2.5 Millions respectivelly to flood plains, Grassland and Plains.
- City improvements: Workshops (Iron Working - farm tools), factories (Industrialization - coal machines), factories (Motorized Transportation - Tractors or fuel machines), chemistry factories (Pesticides or Genetics).
- It's not an automatic process, since workshops and factories don't supply all farmers at once, so population gradually increase.
- Cities more productives sell food to less productive cities, so less growth a city had.