Paradoxflux, you have your vies and that is fine, but I would point out some of the things mentioned are not correct.
"Maybe its because conquered cities randomly and frequently convert back to their owners, even when the citizens are happy, loving the king, well away from any shared border, garrisoned by lots of heavily armed units, and not corrupt."
These does not happen much, even at deity and sid. You also can disable it.
"Maybe its because somehow the enemy wants to build cities right next to you all the time in the little cracks in your borders that contain any land at all."
Only if you are weak and if you let them see what your land is, by letting them roam around or trade maps, before you have it sealed.
"Maybe its because you can never really be sure how you can capture that city with culture, you just have to hope and somehow you don't capture that city you wanted, just the ones with super high corruption at the edges of your empire."
The formula is well understood, but there is some rng to it. In the main play at high levels and not wrry about culture flipping them. You already know how to prevent your from flipping.
"Maybe its because a city in your empire in the year 2001 that has 140 production and all the city improvements still suffers from 99.9% waste so everything that city makes goes down the toilet."
Play Civ4, that is gone. Anyway no reason to put lots of structures into 100% corrupt cities, that is not the best expenditures of resources. You them as specialist havens.
"Maybe its because the resource depletion and resurfacing seems contrived in its placement, to force you to use the new and improved diplomacy system, which feels like playing an exciting game of guess the random number."
Really this is at best a nit and not much of a factor in the game.
"Maybe its because managing workers gets incredibly boring if you dont' have a larger strategic goal in mind. (like build roads to your enemy so your spearman from the homeland can back up your frontier cities) pollution makes workers 10x more dull.

"
Not sure why you have spears in the first place, but yes worker management can be a pain.
Civ2 was great, but way too easy. I have not cranked it up since I got Civ3 and now I have civ4.