Wum, when we talk about the Russians, we are not just talking about the Soviets. Russia started off as just the bit around Moscow, and then expanded massively in the later Midle Ages. One of the reasons they hold Siberia is because the ruler at the time just hought 'get as much land as possible, oh look here's a bit no-one wants'. And from whom did the US buy Alaska? Even the Soviets were expansionist - witness Stalin grabbing the baltic states and bits of Poland.
However, Russia has always been behind 'the West' in science - rulers like Catherine the Great were obsessed with bringing their nation up to the level of the other European powers, because they felt everyone looked down on them as a backward agricultural peasant state.
So I think expansionist and militaristic would have been ideal for Russia - the idea of Russia being ahead of everyone in science from the dawn of civilisation just doesn't seem right.