Xi Ling Shi (aka Leizu), who is a GS in Civ IV. AFAIK, she is not among the Civ V scientists, so "China" should suffice as an answer.
El Dorado
Yep, you got it, I told you it would be easy
One question now, who updates the points on the first page?
Hint 1: Don't worry, be happy
Damn, now I know, but have to wait the 24h...