Yes.
I almost never purposely use culture bombs, so I may miss some info. Basically it will extend the cultural boundaries 1 tile in all directions from the tile you build the encampment in. It will actually push back opposing ai and city state cultural boundaries, but I believe there are exceptions like if they have a wonder or district on those tiles.
So yes, build the encampment next to the tiles you want to take. Other civs like Khmer and Netherlands also get culture bombs by building holy site and harbors respectively. You can also take a religious belief to allow holy sites to culture bomb when playing any civ. There might be one other civ with a culture bomb ability, I can't remember.