so what advantages does the ai get exactly if i play on king?
Prince is the baseline difficulty, with no bonuses or penalties applied at all. So first, let's look at what the AI gets simply for being on Chieftain.
When the AI (or a player) is on Chieftain, it gets the following:
> Only 60% of the normal unhappiness, both population-based AND the fixed amount per city
> +1 Happiness per luxury
> An extra +3 base Happiness (12 instead of 9)
> Roads have only 50% of the normal maintenance costs
> Units and buildings have only 67% of the normal maintenance costs* (see below)
> A bigger anti-Barbarian bonus (+50% instead of +33%) and they get more for clearing barbarian camps
> All tech costs are reduced to 95% of their normal values.
> All Policy costs are reduced to 67% of their normal values.
In addition, if you were to play on Prince, the AI would get a few extras:
> AIs pay only 50% of the normal unit maintenance. This stacks with the above 67%, meaning they'd pay only 33% of the normal amounts. Because it's non-linear this doesn't mean they can have three times as large an army for the same cost, but it's still about double the army size.
> AIs pay 85% of the normal hammer cost to train a unit
Also, no matter what difficulty you play on, AIs always require half the normal gold cost to upgrade a unit. You can adjust this in the HandicapInfos table, it's just that the value is set to 50 for all difficulties.
The above sets of bonuses are designed to give a fair fight on Prince, which again is supposed to be the moderate difficulty. Then, to top it off, you playing on King instead of Prince does even more to skew things:
> Your own anti-Barbarian bonus drops even further, to +25% instead of +33%
> The AI anti-Barbarian bonus bumps even further, to +60%
> AI Worker units work 20% faster
> AI Unhappiness values are multiplied by another x0.9, meaning x0.54 when combined with the Chieftain bonus
> AI cities only take 90% as much food to grow
> AI players only pay 85% of the normal hammer cost to build a building, and 85% of the normal gold cost to rush either buildings or units.
> The 85% unit cost reduction is boosted to 80%
> AI players only pay 30% of the normal maintenance costs for units and buildings, instead of the 50% you'd have if you played on Prince. Combined with the Chieftain bonus, that means they're paying only 20% as much as you.
Also, for any difficulty above Prince, the AI players start with extra techs. For an Ancient Era start, on King all AI players begin with Pottery. On Emperor, Pottery and Animal Husbandry. On Immortal, both of those, and Mining as well. On Deity, those three and The Wheel. (Note that if you start a game in a later era, the AI doesn't get any extra techs.) The idea here is that the AI will sweep nearly all of the early Wonders, putting you at a severe disadvantage.
So again, the AI is getting a lot of bonuses to make up for its sheer inefficiency. If you change the game balance such that the AI's methods are almost as good as a player's, then you can remove some of these handicaps. But if you just jack up the AI's default handicap, the game will get pathetically easy.