Originally posted by Allemand
If a unit attacks twice in one turn or is attacked twice in one turn, and it wins both times, it is promoted. This always works.
I think I have a save game at home that proves this wrong. It's definately from an earlier patch though. Regardless, I suspect that two attacks raises the odds of a promotion from 1/16 to an obscenely high percentage.
And there is a way to prove all this -- just look at the lines of code. These are not truely "random" events after all.