Chess is a wonderful example, thanks! Chess, at a fundamental level, is micromanagement, in the sense of having complete control over each unit's movement (similar to how unit movement works in Civ).
The main differences are:
-In Civ, you move tens (or even hundreds) of units each turn
-In Civ, you likewise make dozens or hundreds of resource-based decisions each turn
-In both games, each decision you make adds up to your strategy (or lack thereof)
So, what the 'macromanagers' are asking for is methods to execute decisions for these dozens of 'decision groups' more efficiently than going through each one, one by one. None of us are arguing that players shouldn't be able to actually
make each decision one by one, we just don't want to be
forced to make them one by one.
The science example wasn't me arguing that maxing out science early game is a bad strategy, quite the opposite. But if you want to raise money instead, the option is there. And when you need the money for maintenance, the game automatically adjusts it. But if you want, you can tweak it. All is well here

.
Same goes for tile management- the AI will put people on tiles pretty well, but sometimes you want to tweak things
for a different strategy. But you don't
have to.
So what about production queues? Why can I not say, "These four cities need to focus strictly on military production," and have the AI build barracks, defenders, and offensive units in an intelligent manner, without me having to tell each city "Do X, then do Y, then do Z, Then do X, then do Z, then do Y?"
Thus my argument for grouping cities into states and assigning commands at a broader level. For the micromanagers, this works because A) you don't
have to make states, and if you do, you can still adjust individual cities as you see fit. [In fact, throw in governors with character- assign Bob Muluga as Governor of this state (barracks and infantry are 10% cheaper, but each city produces 10% less food).]
Sounds yummy to me...
There is no argument here, this 'micro vs macro." It's the same coin.