Good question. Now, I'm betting that I'll be better off under Business As Usual than if I were to use any of the above numbers, since they're awfully big numbers. In practical terms, I'm already sitting below 10% through direct donation and altered Quality of Life spending. Because I think I'll be better off under BAU, I'm actually giving up QoL for poor people that are far away in both space and time. It's worth trying. "You gotta try" as Eleanor says.
But, my efforts won't be enough, and there are strong odds that too few people will voluntarily help. That said, the OP creates a pretty large list of things that will nip some of our existential risks in the bud. That's actually a lot more valuable than people think. Heck, part of the reason why I have the savings rate that I do is because I think the future is scary, so spending income to make the world less scary is just another version of the same calculation.
I think that I could do 10%, 20% if some of that is in the form of altered consumption. Like, I'd still need (say) $10 of food, but the food choices could strongly pivot from my preference