P.S. Yes, the Civilopedia is essential to playing the game. I don't think any of us can remember all the details for all the stuff in this game. I still hit F12 all the time.
really?
I rarely use the civilopedia. Here on the forum are a lot of much better references

.
disclaimer : this is not about a first shooter guide.
Some references (I'll add the links later, one at a time) I use very often (not when playing the game, but when planning for a "large scale strat" :
-
reference charts (duh!) : downloadable in the dowloads section
-
GP tech preference : downloadable
-
combat explained (don't use it as often as I should, but this really helps understanding what you're doing with your units in a war)
-
AI personnalities : downloadable
On topic, about a real first shooter help, here are my views (4 levels):
Level 1 : understand what it's about.
What you need to know after that is :
- what are cities, what are they doing, how are they working?
- what is terrain, how to use it?
- what are units, what are they doing, how are they working, including workers, settlers, spies, scouts, missionraries and military units?
- what are AIs, what are they doing (how are they working is level 2

)?
- what are techs, how to get them, how to use them?
- what are resources, how to get them, how to use them?
At this stage, you can't really win, since you didn't yet check the victory conditions. If you win, it's an accident.
Level 2 : How to get a good working empire
What you need to work on at this stage is :
- what are buildings? what do they do, when are they useful, how can I build them (this is where mining, chopping, whipping can be compared/combined)?
- what are wonders, what are they good for ?
- How do I grow my cities? Where do I get happiness and health from?
- What are civics? How can I use them? When?
- What is culture? how do I manage my cultural borders? What for?
- economy : how do I fund my empire, my units, my research?
- defense : how do I protect my empire from attacks?
- offense : how do I take other empires' cities (and what for)?
At this stage, you could aim for conquest or domination or cultural or space at lower levels. If you stumble across diplomacy, you'll learn a lot but it's the next level

.
Level 3 : how to win a game?
At this stage you should understand most of the game mechanics. The game is fun now, and you start to feel comfortable enough to actually look for strategies.
What you want to master now are more in depth moves. Some more tools to work with :
- Great Persons. You should have seen a few before, but now you really want to use them for the best. What are GP? How can I get them? What can I use them? How can I be in a situation to either have the GP I want when I want it or to use the GP I know I 'll get when I get him?
- planning ahead, towards a specific goal, you'll need to check the various screens : victory screen, diplomacy screen, domestic advisor, civic screen, economic report, military advisor, power graph, GNP graph, ...
- What are my traits? what are my neighbours' traits, personnalities? What is my UU? my UB? my neighbours'? How can I use one or more of those to get an edge and leverage it towards a win?
- How can I trade? what for? How is trade helping my goals?
- How can I use some basic diplomacy moves to help my goals?
If you can answer all those questions, winning games isn't a problem anymore. You can mostly chose your victory condition at lower levels, and see which victory condition is possible at not so low levels and aim for them. Managing those things make you a good prince level player.
Level 4 : superman is a sucker
You can already win at prince with ease. Now you try the higher levels and need to see/feel the differences. Sure all the AIs have massive bonuses on you, there are a bunch of supermen. But you're going to teach them (not really, they never learn) a lesson or 2

.
Here are the basics for succesful monarch+ games :
- no fat. The higher you climb, the less you can allow yourself to overbuild, overresearch, over anything. Strike when you're ready, not earlier, not later. It's not necessarily militarily, but you want to get your GP right on time, you want your borders to pop right on time, you want your worker available right on time...
- diplomacy. They are a bunch of supermen alright. SO if they hit each other, it sure will hurt a lot, don't you think ?

. Having friends and enemies or having no enemies, or making sure each AI has enough enemies are various ways to leverage diplomacy. You can't tech as fast as the AIs, so you need to trade techs. You can't build as fast as the AIs, so you need them to waste a lot of hammers...
- focus. You cannot run for space and cultural at the same time. At least not above monarch. You really need to push in a given direction with all your strength.
OK, it's not a good recipe for the higher levels. There are enough guides out there adressing this later stage. I just wish you to get over level 3 and understand the issues of level 4. I'm not good enough to give more specific advice here

.
How to climb the levels?
For level 1:
- play the tutorial. It's boring, but at least you'll face those otherwise boring issues
- read the manual. It's boring, but full of good informations.
- play a settler game and check the points I mentionned (city screen mainly). scratch your head and you'll understand. It's not that hard.
For level 2:
- the war academy is your friend.
- some guides already mentionned above will help (wasn't a newb anymore when they where written, so I can't tell if they're really good, but at least they contain good informations and tips)
- play some games, from beginning to end, try to keep up at cheiftain, warlord, noble level.
For level 3:
- Succession games subforum and GotM spoilers threads will give you invaluable information.
- Sisiutil's ALCs are great walkthroughs. The early ones are at prince level (vanilla), the later ones are at monarch level (warlords).
- strategy articles will seem readable after a while

- play games, first reloading to check various ways around a difficulty, then no reload at all and see if you can make it.
For level 4 :
- same as level 3, but look for the best players
- Aelf's emperor/immortal challenges will show the benefits of in depth diplomacy.
- HoF reports can be very valuable, especially at super high levels.
And don't forget to always burn Paris (those damn French bastards). Don't get pissed, cabert, it's just a joke in America to pick on France (mostly due to opposition in the UN, as far as I can tell).
you mean the americans still think the french should have said war in Irak is a great idea, and yes of course we're in?
Can it be that some people are this dumb?