Part of what I'm wondering also is that I've done some wars in the antiquity and exploration age, but I've never gone to war in the modern. If I was to decide to try to sabotage an opponent, in the modern era, who has an edge on me for the victory, would I get destroyed with an army this size? It seems like the AIs like to have a lot of units everywhere by the modern age.
I've done a little war fighting in Modern. As
@King Flevance noted, the map will be important. If your rival is located in Distant Lands, you'll need to include travel time in your plans. If your rival(s) have their capital on/near the coast, you can use combined arms (army and navy).
Where I've been declared on, it has often been one of the larger factions in Modern, who have decent science yields. The AI are not shy with upgrading their units, or building tier2 units.
If you have some gold in Modern, consider upgrading if you plan to go on offense. If you just want to defend, you can get away with ranged units, more than one fortified district in settlements near a front line, and some aircraft based in a Squadron Commander just behind the front line.
As always in Civ games, have a goal in mind if you declare war. The AI do build a lot of units, but they don't always pack their commanders well. So the swarms may appear larger than they really are. The AI also tend to love to squish my Suzerained-City-States if they can. You may be able to concentrate your forces on their big cities. If you take an AI capital, be aware of where their new capital is. You need to know where to send your Great Banker!