Krajzen: There are some VERY frustrating things with Civ5, but I get the impression you're making it harder on yourself.
Stop looking through the XML files, and look at the SQLite database (Civ5DebugDatabase.db). I promise, your modding experience will go from maddening to merely frustrating. There's a separate database just for text! (Localization-Merged.db)
And if you want Lua to replicate, look at the scenarios.
Lol thanks

Although I cannot forgive MUSLIM_CAVALRY, INDIAN_ELEPHANT and _VENETIAN_GALLEAS
