I'll try to answer all and ad missing things about Latvia.
rhialto said:
Who is he? Why is he famous enough to be chosen as leader? Any alternate candidates?
Again, why these specifically?
Some mention of the history and noteworthy achivements of this fine civilisation?
1. Karlis Ulmanis helped to form first independant Latvia state. Aswell he was primeminister of Latvia and later Latvia's president from 1934-1940. In his time Latvia went economaly upwards and was one of the best countrys in europe in science & education.
Alternative Hercoge Jekab he wasn't Latvian but in his time 17 cenury Latvia was 3 best in export in Europe. It produced ships, canons, and all other things. It even had 2 colonys: Tobago & Gambija
2. Didn't get the question.
3. History: In about 10'000 year BC in Latvia camed first people. Latvians (Balts) had they're own unique ceramick culture, they were food gatherers and farmers. Balts had they're own religy which was based that god isn't materialistick and that devil is easily fooled, and devil isn't such horrible than in other religys. Balts got energy from nature - from trees, rivers and land. They lived very peacfull till 7 century AD when first conquarers comes to Latvia shores. Till then Greek and Roman scientists (Herodot & Ptolemai) and explorers described Balts as very peacfull, smart and religious tribe. From all europe people camed to Latvia because here lived many sages, future predictors and healers. In one chronicle decribed one moment when to Latvia camed people from Germany with carts locked with locks. Latvians didn't understand why is it needed because Latvians didn't close the doors, didn't lock chests with they're savings because they didn't steal from each other.
When in 7century camed Scandinavs they started to conquare Balt religy and ocupie they're land. Later in 11 century and Russians, Poles and Germans started to conquare Balts in so called holy wars. Germans to get new crusaders armys started to write bad things about Balts that they all are beasts and they have some kind of uncristian religy. Balts fought against oppresors with a lot fewer army f.e. against 10'000 conquarers they could get about 5'000 men. But Balts woned a lot of fights. But unfortunatly with years population was drown down and 13 century Latvians was ocupied.
The first ocuppers were Germans. They lasted in Latvia till 1561 when in Latvia started Livonian war. Latvia was attacked by russians but was conquared by Sweden and Liethuania-Poland. But in this time latvians made lots of uprises to get themselves free.
In 18 century started North War when Latvia was conquared by caristick Russia.
Few years later in 1812 Napolion conquared Latvia for a while till they're army was destroyed near Moscow.
In 19 century in Latvia started NewLatvian movment. They started to renew ideas that there is Latvians and that they need to be united. In this time lived one of greatest Latvian man Krisjanis Barons he drived through all Latvia and gathered national songs (dainas) at the end of his life he had gathered more than 240'000 dainas. Also in this time was first Singing festival which took place in 1864. The singing festival now is included in UNESCO fund.
In 1905 in all Russia and aswell in Latvia started revolution which was later rebuffed but it gaved Latvians togethernes feeling.
1WW played impiortant role in Latvia history aswell in worlds. Because through Latvia went front line which seperated Russians from Germans. Latvia was devided into 2 sides: Germans controled West Latvia, Russians East. In 1915 was made first Latvian rifleman battalion. It braked front line but Russia didn't gave bacup soldiers to continue the attack they thought that the Latvian rifleman battalion will be destroyed. After these events russia made 3 more latvian battalions. Many important fights Latvia fought. In the end of WW1 In russia was revolution and Germany had lost the war. So in 1918 years 18 november in National theater was formed independant Latvia. With this event started the Freedom fights against Russia and Germany. The Red Army (Russian) drove Latvian goverment to Liepajas harbour where the goverment sated on the English ship so that they couldnt be harmed at this time Latvia buyed about 5000 rifles from England and formed thayre own army. Latvians with sneaky help of Russians regained Latvia. And near Cesis Estonian and North Latvian army destroyed Germans. At this time in Riga 10'000 students went to fight for freedom against 50'000 proffesional Bermouth army with artilery and armour. When in this fight the students amunition ended thay putted on the pikes and charged against 5X bigger Bermouth army and woned. Next day in English press on title page was just one word written "MIRACLE".
In 1920 Latvia had fought to get they're independance and had free country. They were fast growing in evrey sphere.
In 1940 year USSR ocupies Latvia and deportates more than 10'000 people. Later that year Germany ocuppies Latvia for one year till again USSR ocupies Latvia. In this Ocupation time USSR deportates 70'000 ppl kills about 100'000 ppl. Totaly: Befour WW2 Latvian population 2'000'000+
After WW2 Latvian population 1'000'000+
In this time Latvians are sent out of they're homes, churches has been vandalized. USSR proclaimes that russians should come to Latvia because here is paradize. So to Latvia comes about 1milj Russians they all start to live in Latvian homes. They take over leading companys.
In about 1945 Latvian future teller Finks predicts Latvia will again be free when the year will write from each side identicaly.
This prediction camed to life when in 1991 Latvia got it 2nd freedom after baricades and Baltic road (ppl from all 3 Baltic countrys standed together holded theyre hands and formed live chain From Estonia through Latvia till Liethuania.
Wheew this is just a very very very short history explanation. Latvias history is very long not like Americans for example.