There was a mod/pre-patch floating around a few days/weeks ago; in it, the author allowed oil to be placed on coastal tiles. Have you heard of it? If so, did you install it? Or have you yourself created an edited civ3mod.bic?
It's unfortunate, but the author failed to take a simple fact into consideration. By allowing coastal tiles to be populated with oil, these same tiles are almost assured as being the only sources of oil in the game. Why? Because there are many, many more coastal tiles on a map than there are desert or plain tiles. Because Civ doesn't create nice, pretty, square islands, but rather oblong, ugly things, the tiles inside more often come close to equaling the number of coastal tiles, and since only about 20% of the inner tiles will be capable of holding oil (based on an average island, 4 billion years old, etc), your chances of actually having oil as a usable resource pretty low. Your chances are decreased further if you increase the map size without increasing the number of players. On a huge map with 4 civs you result in as few as 4 tiles with oil - try it in the editor.
To make matters even worse, each type of tile is allocated a number of resources it can spawn. Since oil can only appear in coastal, desert, or plains tiles, and since coastal tiles have only two types of resources that can appear (fish and oil) compared to deserts 3 (incense, oil and saltpeter), and plains 7, the chance that an average coastal tile spawns oil is mucher higher than the others. And as I said just a minute ago, since the number of strategic resources on a given map is at least equal to (but seldom greater than) the number of players on a map, there is less than a 20% chance that oil will appear in a tile that you can access with roads (SNS with a small #'s of civs can really hurt here, too).
To be fair, the author of said patch did increase the frequency that oil appeared (if I remember correctly), but that solved the problem in only 1 of 6 tests I ran even on on a small random map.
Whew, I can't believe I talked so much on such a simple topic. Sorry guys
