I might get back to you on that, but these aren't such obscure examples that a quick Google search won't answer it... Well, Google might point to the elective monarchy of Poland-Lithuania and leave it at that. And I suppose Italy may be a bit obscure. But the Thing and its variants are still a thing (pun not intended) to this day.
Mhm,
Wikipedia doesn't go into a lot of detail... I may get back to you on this. May (EDIT: Or just go with what CoolLizy said).
As to your last two sentences, I would make two points. One, that democracy is a mechanism for 'peaceful revolution' - you don't need to violently overthrow the monarch - and that the individualist symbology (so to say) was only attached to it out of convenience, to give it emotional value, to make us emotionally invested into defending it, so to say. Democracy is a bit like a ritual, after all; we all cast our votes, and some value this so much that they take their children with them, despite the fact that they aren't allowed to vote yet. But the act of voting, the ritual, is very important to people, and some people want to impress that upon their children. Don't get me wrong, that is a very good thing, in my opinion - but inherently, removed from anything else, democracy is primarily a way to create a non-chaotical, non-violent way of changing rulers, I would argue.
Two, there was actually a law against the 'no taxation without representation' thing, but the British ignored this out of convenience (well, they came up with a silly excuse). I don't know too much about this, but from what I know-think-remember... Well, I tried looking up what I remembered, but basically, this:
http://i.imgur.com/aGG6ZRj.png
Some do. Others don't. It's a semantic question, I would say; one might argue that there is no universal suffrage, as children aren't allowed to vote (and, in some countries, prisoners, and in others, non-citizens). And where would one draw the line? Children? Women? Non-whites (from a western perspective, that is)? Non-wealthy people? It's a bit arbitrary, not? This is an interesting discussion in the context of WWI though, comparing the 'democraticness' of Germany to the UK, for example.