Project Lemuria

I was stricken with food poisoning yesterday, so I couldn't really work on this. (Sorry for the continual delay - I am going to get this up and running this week, I promise!) Meanwhile, I have attempted to sort all the wildlife into post #4 on the front page.
Going to give another ~24 hours for any remaining wildlife submissions. I'm going to push back the cultures deadline until Saturday, 23 December.
 
The Nuan-e-Nare (Noo-on-ay-nar-ay), or People of the Lake

Location: Along the western shores of the bigger lake in the western cradle, and along the rivers until about halfway to the other lake.

Values: Spirituality and reverence above all, with city and family loyalty a distant second.

Religion: The Nuan-e-Nare, or just Nuan, believe that every object, from the largest mountain to the smallest blade of grass, has a spirit. These spirits are known as Esenuan (sing. Esenua). They believe that the creator, known as Rada, has eight aspects. Each of these represent major forces and are represented by specific animals. For example, Mukhla, esenua of war, is represented by a murder bird, and Holabra, esenua of rivers, lakes, and what dwells in them is represented by a crododile. Each of these has many aspects in turn, representing somewhat narrower but still fairly major forces. For example, Verdurana, esenua of forests, is one aspect of Khilehu, esenua of plants. This pattern can continue indefinitely. They also believe that there is evil lurking in the shadows. This evil is personified in the form of Enshali. That this personification of evil has a very similar name to the spirits of the Gwonhelod is no accident.

Society:
The Nuan follow the classic city-state model. Each state has a particular Esenua which they believe is their patron, with alliances formed based on patrons. There are currently two major factions: one in the northern part of the region, known as the Mukhlites and located around the rivers, which worships Mukhla, and another in the southern part of the region known as the Holabrites, which worships Holabra. The dividing line between the two is considered to be the central river, and the largest, oldest, and most prestigious city, Vindma, stands where that river meets the lake, and is the only city to bear the honor of having Rada as their patron. Each city-state is led by a Kolnua. Below her (the Nuan are a matriarchal society) are the priesthood, or Lanuan, usually composed of between 10 and 20 individuals. The soldier class, or Silenuan, are below that, standing equal with the merchant class. Below them are the artisans, with farmers standing at the bottom of the hierarchy. At the death of a Kolnua, the successor is usually determined by a series of trials. In most Mukhlite cities, candidates are sent into the savanna with nothing but one weapon of their choice. Whoever returns first with the body of a murder bird becomes the next Kolnua. In most Holabrite cities, contestants are sent into a river, and whoever can return first with the head of a crocodile becomes the next Kolnua. Vindma is a special case. Whenever the Kolnua of that city dies, the successor is determined by the priests.

Foreign Relations: Foreign relations vary between city-states, but most Nuan view the Gwonhelod with mistrust, with the priesthood condemning them as heretics. Most Nuan look upon the Kupi with disdain, although they are recognized as valuable trading partners. Most other cultures are viewed as at best myths and at worst lies of Enshali.

Lifestyle:
Life in Nuan cities varies, but in most cities there are a few basic features. First of all, the central feature of Nuan life is prayer, and there are three times a day set aside for worship. Most houses have shrines, ranging from one small statue to a magnificent array of statuary, candles and art. Most Nuan are farmers, and life for them is much like life for farmers around the world. They have developed bronze, but not iron, though their pottery is fairly advanced. For the richer residents within the city, life is better than for the farmers, although plumbing is very primitive, and they have no way of controlling temperature. The largest houses in the city generally belong to members of the priesthood.

Economy:
The Nuan are a primarily agricultural society, domesticating rice, wheat, and trin, among other staples. Among the luxuries grown include mangos, sugar lilies, and snake vanilla. Among animals domesticated are relatives of modern cattle and a few species of native marsupial. Most attempts to domesticate native animals have met with failure. Most meat eaten by the Nuan is acquired through hunting. They also trade with many nearby cultures, with murder bird meat of high value to the Kupi. Also, the priesthood may condemn the Gwonhelod as heretics, but many enterprising Nuan trade crocodile meat with them anyway. Their economy is mostly based on barter, as they have no concept of currency.

Language: A few language rules, in no particular order:
*Possessives are shown by putting the object being possessed first, then an e, then the possessor. For example, Nuan-e-Nare means people (Nuan) of the lake (Nare).
*Plurals are shown be adding -n to word that end in vowels, and -en to words that end in consonants.
*When I write -e at the end of a word, it is pronounced ay.
The Nuan writing system is fairly primitive, with symbols representing most buildings, crops, animals, most gods, numbers 1-100, most geographical features, and most occupations.
The Nuan language is almost nothing like the Helod languages, although it bears a similarity to the Kupi one, simply due to proximity. It is also part of the general Radanare language family, shared by most tribes around the lake, although none of the other groups along the lake have a writing system, or nearly as developed of a language.


History (with names):
The Nuan have many stories about their origin, but most follow the same general pattern.
Ah, hello children. Which story would you like today? Ah, the story of how we came to be? Well, one day, in a far away land, there was a kolnua. He was very wise, and much loved by his people. There was one problem, though. He was very old, and he knew that one day he would die. So he called his three sons, Chama, Thunda, and Vinda, to him and told them that when he died, they would each rule one third of his people. Two days later, he died. The first son, Chama, was very proud, and he and his people immediately set off to conquer others. Thunda was cautious, and he and his people stayed as they had always been. The third son, Vinda, believed that there must be more to the world. His brother Thunda, though, urged him to stay, and he agreed. One day, though, while he was out hunting, the great Rada appeared before him, and urged him go forth, and settle new lands in His name. Vinda agreed, and the next day he and his people set off. They ran into many dangers, but soon reached land. Vinda looked out, and saw that it was good. He called it Radathul, and the jungle before him Verdurnil. He sent his son, Gusa, with two friends to explore. They came back, seven days later, covered in bites.
“We went forth,” cried Gusa, “But in the forest we encountered a terrible beast. It was made entirely of ants, huge ants, with powerful venom. We can go no farther.”
“Bah!” cried Vinda, “We shall find another way.” And so they sailed on. Soon, they found flat land, with no monsters. There, however, were people. Worshipers of Enshali! Vinda was infuriated, but he knew he could do nothing. They marched past on their quest to find a new land. Soon the found a lake, pure in color and stocked with fish of many types, which he called Radanare, and a great river, which he called Radarunde. Where they met, he founded a city, and took the greatest part of his people to stay with him. He called this city Mas-e-Vinda. This is the city we now call Vindma. He sent half of the remainder south to where the Radanare thins to barely more than a river, and there founded Mas-e-Mukhla, what we call Mukhlama. He sent those that were left north, to where the river Holabrarunde meets the Radanare, and there founded the city of Mas-e-Holabra, what we call Holabrama. He decreed that the Kolnuas of those cities would be determined through a series of trials, and we have carried on those traditions. And that is how we came to be.
It’s not known how much truth there is in this story, but it is true that these three cities were the first to develop. What it does not include is a fourth city which was almost as old. It was destroyed by the other three fairly quickly, implying that this story was developed after this destruction.
 
Cool. I'm closing wildlife submissions now, going to move onto the next phase. Deadline is still the same.
 
I've started working on the update but it will be slow (probably will come in 2018 at the earliest), so if you haven't submitted anything but mean to, you can still do so.

I really like your submission Radagandruman, by the way, just wanted to mention that I have seen it. I really like how you handle internal differences.
 
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Ligurians
Location: eastern cradle
Values: likes rational thought and reason. Hates injustice and believes that no one is above the law.
Society: a king rules everyone. Succession is hereditary.
Lifestyle: people live in happy, luxiorus lifestyles. People live in castles and towns (Roman towns). There are only 2 genders: male and female. People like to do basketball recreationaly and soccer.
Religions: are atheists.
Economy: have domesticated horses and stuff. Have domesticated wind horses. have domesticated cows, sheep, farm animals. People have acces to iron weapons and tools.
History: people migrated from Europe and came here.
Language: English.
Person names: john Thompson (male)
Shelley smith (female)
Jake smith (male)
Fred Winchester (male)
City names: Reme. (Capital, center of eastern cradle)
Lechis.
Nation names: Reme. Lechis. Linchester.
Geographical mountains: the Remen mountains. the lechis river. The linchester plains. The Slovak mountians.

This isn't really the sort of thing I'm looking for, I'm afraid. Assuming this is serious, I think you're getting the wrong idea from this game.
 
What's a deadline

Na'anyan
Location: Cradle #2
Values: Boldness, Physical Prowess, Piety

Society: Anyar society is patriarchal and divided into petty chiefdoms that in turn owe their allegiance to prominent kings. The chiefs maintain control over their tribes through their martial prowess: they and a handful of picked thanes/professional warriors protect the women and farmers of the tribe from rivals. The kings, meanwhile, maintain their control over their vassals through a mix of tribute and gift giving that functions as a form of insurance: tribes facing hardship can expect generous gifts to support them.

Lifestyle: Most Anyar are farmers and herders. Nearly every man is prepared and expected to fight, though professional warriors are few and part of an elite ruling caste. There is another caste of craftsmen, typically present only at royal courts, who are skilled at producing pottery, beads, and metalworking. While men are dominant, women have control of the management of each household. Quarterly festivals focused on wrestling, running, and stone throwing are prominent community activities and social events, interlaced with specific religious festivals. Mostly Anyar settlements are unfortified, but temples and royal courts typically have simple stone and earth walls.

Religion: The Anyar gods are not worshiped, but propitiated and bargained with. Kings, chiefs, and shamans show their devotion and receive their favor through lavish gifts and sacrifices, typically of handcrafted goods and food. Anyar temples tend to be wealthy as a result, and a sure way to gain personal wealth and divine favor is to sack a rival's temple and carry away their tribute, earning them the gods ire.

The Anyar mythology tells of a supreme deity who shepherded two gods, one man and one woman, to safety after their world drowned in a flood. These divine parents had children, the most important of which are the storm brothers (lightning and thunder). Father Earth challenged Grandfather Sky and was imprisoned in the ground: his sons betrayed him and came to regret this, so they often assault the earth and try to free him. Father Earth was helped by his other children who were turned to stone in punishment, though they are still able to move sometimes.

Economy: Anyar agriculture is unsophisticated but plentiful, with the chief staple being peas and dates. More sophisticated groups are introducing rice and grain into the mix. They herd local animals to supplement with meat and fish where water sources are available.

History: The Na'anyan culture came from over the sea, from what is now known as Borneo. They were considerably more warlike and aggressive than the Dravidian-inspired culture that inhabited the area before them and the two intermixed to produce the Anyar.

Language: Anyar language is part of the Barito language group. This makes it similar to Malagasy and some other Austronesian language groups, though it has and will diverge significantly with Lemurian and Indian influences.

TO DO
Person Names: Give me some sample names as well as their gender. (If you want to describe how your naming system works that’s also cool, but not necessary)
City Names:
Cehatu Jemiaq (Hundred Roofs), Mokaranoy (Long Lake), Parama Talun (Black Wood), Kokomoot (Dog Place), Isayanum (New Water), Anco Apuy (Far Hearth).
Nation Names:
Geographical Names:
 
2000 BCE
Lands of the Murder Birds

It has only been a few thousand years since the first agriculturalists started working the fields inside the shadowed valleys of Central Lemuria. They have sown winds of change, and now, near the beginning of recorded history, they are beginning to reap...something. No one is yet sure.

---

It is said that, many years ago, a distant ruler divided his realm in three on his deathbed. The third son believed that there must be more to the world than merely that realm, and so he and his people embarked on a grand journey. After many misadventures, they found a bountiful and congenial land, between a river and an inland sea.

The people who now inhabit this shore and the neighbouring rivers are the Nuan-e-Nare, the self-described People of the Lake, or Nuan. Although the Nuan speak a similar Radanare language as most of the peoples surrounding the inland sea and a few neighbouring lands, the Nuan are special, for they can write, although their writing system is wholly ideographic and, really, quite primitive.

The Nuan are a highly reverent people; they pray thrice a day. To them, the whole world is fashioned from spirits, which they call esenua. The spirits descend from the creator, Rada: Rada has eight aspects, which in turn have other aspects, transforming from broad concepts to very specific parts of life, such that even things as fine as a blade of grass have corresponding aspects and spirits.

Their settlements have blossomed into advanced city-states, complete with scribes, strong fortifications, and even (for the wealthiest) indoor plumbing. Each city-state has a patron aspect, and the Nuan city-states can be divided in two loose groups based on regional patrons: the northern Mukhlite cities are devotees of Mukhla, the murder bird of war, and the southern Holabrite cities are devotees of Holabra, the crocodile of water. In the middle of the two, acting as the spiritual centre of the entire Nuan world, is the great city of Vindma.

With the exception of Vindma (which is ruled by its priests), each city-state is led by a despotic kolnua, a sort-of-queen. Under each kolnua are the priests, usually several dozen to a city, who have the largest residences (aside from the palace). Under the priests are the soldiers and merchants, and under them the artisans and the vast numbers of farmers. Those farmers are blessed with fertile lands and a bountiful diet, combining rice, wheat, and trin, although aside from cattle and a few local marsupials, they have domesticated few animals. The wealth disparity between the elite city-dwellers and commoners is growing exponentially.

At the death of the kolnua, her successor is determined by trial, usually by sending the candidates to hunt, with the one returning with a murder bird or crocodile generally winning the throne. The complexity and rather esoteric nature of this succession system is perhaps a major part of why no Nuan city-state has yet achieved any sort of lasting hegemony, although the Mukhlites and Holabrites have developed loose leagues.

Whether they will develop into full-fledged empires, on the other hand, remains very much to be seen.

---

It has only been several centuries before the coming of the Austronesians to Lemuria. No one is entirely sure how they came or where they first landed, but they seemed to have spread rapidly. Entering the central valley, Austronesian-speaking peoples by around 2200 BCE had displaced the previously settled Radanare-speaking peoples, although adopting many of the ways of the latter. This spurred a trend of urbanisation

And so, on the other side of the inland sea from the Nuan has risen an entirely different society: the Na’anyan, or Anyar.

The Anyar are patriarchal, a fact that often confuses Nuan travellers; instead of kolnuas chosen by trial, the Anyar have kings, whose courts and cities form cores that preside over spheres of neighbouring petty chiefdoms--an arrangement not entirely unlike the mandalas of a latter-day Southeast Asia. The largest and most powerful such city-states include Mokaranoy, Kokomoot, Isayanum, and Parama Talun. These royal courts are immensely powerful, each holding sway over castes of craftsmen and even professional soldiers.

Many years ago, as it is said, there was a flood. A supreme being helped give a lesser goddess and god a path to safety, and their descendents form the Anyar pantheon. They are not worshipped; the Anyar gods are less caregivers and more short-tempered merchants, beings to be bargained with and placated. Exorbitant gifts and extravagant sacrifices are surefire ways of getting the gods’ attention. As a result, although Anyar cities may not as populous or sophisticated as their Nuan counterparts, Anyar temples are undoubtedly grander than the Nuan. These temples’ festivals form the core of Anyar social life, complete with grand games.

Despite the trend of urbanisation, most Anyar are still farmers, leading lives as far removed from the grandiosity of kings and gods as possible, even if the men their rulers as warriors. These Anyar farmers grow a diet primarily consisting of dates and various legumes, as well as herding local animals. But as trade between the two societies--and the surrounding peoples--has begun to flourish, greater exposure to Nuan cultivation methods has meant that rice, wheat, and mangoes are being adopted as greater and greater parts of the Anyar diet.
 
Even though the Nuan and Anyar are considered the major civilisations of this early formative period, we know well that the Nuan and Anyar were far from the only Lemurians in this time. All across Lemuria exist other cultures, many rich in oral history.

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The Southeast

To wit, in the flatlands around the river to the southeast, by 2000 BCE, another culture had begun to rise. The people here are dark-skinned, believed to be descendants of the first anatomically modern humans to have permanently stayed in Lemuria, and speak a so-called South Lemurian language. What these people may have called themselves, or have been called by others, remains an utter mystery. Interestingly, however, there is some indication from Anyar sources that their settlements were named after colours. Therefore, latter-day anthropologists dubbed these people the Chromalemurians.

It is those settlements that make the Chromalemurians distinct from some of their less settled neighbours. The settlements’ centrepieces seem to be rather elaborate hypogaea; houses are arrayed around them. Not only were those hypogaea the centres of religious life, with elaborate burials alongside metalwork and plants that suggest ancestor worship, it is believed they were the centres of political power as well; the settlements seemed to have been governed by the priests.

In the nearby highlands reside the Eidan, a people who, unlike the Chromalemurians, are still semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers, although they have domesticated certain small animals and have tamed goat and deer. Insular and high in their skylands, the Eidan see the world through the sky; the highest hills are named after the brightest stars.

The Eidan are a hardy tribal people, believing that their environment is harsh and necessitating inner strength. Their chieftains are chosen through cunning and honour, rather than descent. Even though they are not as settled as the lowlanders, the Eidan do have metalworking, and a wealth of gold, and they do have one thing found nowhere else in Lemuria: obsidian tools and weaponry. These things have made the few accessible Eidan groups valuable trade partners for the lowlanders.

The peninsula stretching out to the south is inhabited by tribal peoples speaking different but related languages in the so-called South Lemurian group, relatives of the Chromalemurians and the Eidan. Basic agriculture is practised in the riverine regions, but as one goes further south, the people become predominantly hunter-gatherers, with fishing villages dotting the south coast and the islands.

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The East

Before the Austronesians came and rapidly spread out through the interior, much of Eastern Lemuria was inhabited by Dravidian-speaking peoples. Naturally, some of them remain, and one region they are still predominant is along the southeast coast, across the mountains. They are predominantly fisherpeople, their settlements hugging the mangrove-laden coast or the waterways, but others have taken to pastoralism.

To the northeast, on the banks of another river system, stretching all the way down from a highland lake to the coast, live Austronesian-speaking peoples who have adopted communal rice cultivation as a way of life. A number of agricultural settlements have blossomed up and down the rivers. There is significant evidence of trade between these settlements and the Anyar. There is not insignificant conflict between these people and the surrounding Dravidian-speakers. Aside from finds of quite simplistic pottery, little about this culture is well-known.

The highlands at the northwest of this region are inhabited by the Kupi, a tribal people who live surrounded by the beauties of nature. Their language bears similarities to the language of the the Nuan, suggesting that the Kupi and Nuan may have had a common origin. Although the Kupi are insular and tribal, and although their home terrain isolates various tribes quite well, they live in a loose confederacy whose leaders convene twice a year to discuss pertinent matters. They are quite content in their mountains, subsisting and in some cases thriving from the bounty of rice terraces, domesticated cattle and, and the waterways.

What also makes the Kupi unique is their rich artistic tradition, especially of woodcarving. The Kupi also leave behind megalithic carved stone monuments. Many of these aesthetic creations are left behind to calm the natural world. The Kupi have strong beliefs in shamanism and in reincarnation, and believe that the highest form of life is to be born as a natural landscape itself.

Along the riverine southeast-central coast of Lemuria live more Dravidian-speaking peoples. Rice cultivation has spread here, too, supplemented by perhaps the widest variety of fruits found across all of Lemuria. Pottery finds have revealed some quite elaborate geometric patterns.

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The North

The dense jungles of the northeast are inhabited by various Austronesian-speaking tribal peoples with little contact, trade or otherwise, with the rest of the continent. Although they are predominantly hunter-gatherers, limited rice cultivation has begun, especially in some of the more highland areas. They believe that they are descendents of a people who descended upon Lemuria from the heavens, guided there by animistic spirits who continue to inhabit the rainforest. Their lifestyle bears similarities to that of the Dayaks of Borneo; headhunting is commonplace, and there is an elaborate ritual code surrounding the practise as a means of settling disputes within tribes. There is more than occasional conflict between them and the neighbouring Kupi.

The north coast, also considered utterly inhospitable by the southerners, is in fact inhabited by small-statured, dark-skinned Negrito peoples, believed to be relatives of the Andamanese. They are hunter-gatherers, subsisting largely from fishing (they have developed some of the most advanced fishing techniques on Lemuria) and from the bounty of the jungle. Adding to that is salvage from shipwrecks occasionally brought to the coast by winds; Negritos have been found in possession of Indus Valley seals. Their religious beliefs revolve around divination, with the psychedelic coconuts found in their home playing a major role.

Few lowlanders venture into the northern mountains - the realm of the clouds. Those that do find themselves in the domain of the so-called cloud people. Descendents of an isolate population of early hominids, the cloud people are short in stature. Due to their sheer isolation, exactly how the cloud people live is mysterious, although they seem to live in small-numbered clans. They are only known to their surroundings through the warped mist of myths and legends, although a few who have emerged into the lowlands--either to the north or to the south--have been seen as curiosities. The people of the north shore use some as slaves.

To the south of the great mountains, in the flatlands along the north shore of the inland sea, are inhabited by Radanare-speaking farming peoples, speaking a language related to that of the Nuan. Although they live in quite sizeable settlements and work bronze, and quite plentifully trade with the other civilisations around the inland sea, they have no writing system.

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The West

Entering the mountains, the tallest peaks in Lemuria, we come to the domains of the Herachel, the flower people. Like many of Lemuria’s other highlanders, the Herachel tribes have long lived in isolation from their neighbours. They are hunter-gatherers, migrating up and down the mountainsides with the seasons, the men hunting the local rodents and the women foraging. The family hut is the centre of Herachel life; older huts can help a family trace their lineage back for generations upon generations, with the oldest taking on leadership positions within the tribe.

The Herachel are undoubtedly Lemurian, but none have been able to identify their language’s relation to the others on the continent; it bears little resemblance to the surrounding West Lemurian languages. Despite, or perhaps because of, their isolation, the Herachel have a rich oral history, stewarded by the storykeepers and storytellers known as the Irn. They are well aware of their own personal histories, perhaps even moreso than the so-called civilised literate people of the central valley.

The vast savannas stretching out to the west are sparsely inhabited, mainly by pastoral types, speaking West Lemurian languages. Having long ago mastered the monsoon-dependent migration patterns of the savanna, the people here herd a great variety of ungulates, and, especially in the south, they herd the ejjanys, much like the people further south once did before the arrival of the Saravanids.

Further away, the arid west coast is sparsely inhabited, although occasional debris from elsewhere around the Indian Ocean will wash up on these shores. Archaeologists have found such things as Sumerian votive figurines here dating from this period; despite fanciful claims of Sumerian colonisation, most believe these are just debris.

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The Southwest


A vast crescent of the arid southern region of Lemuria is inhabited by bands of Saravanids. It is unknown where the Saravanids came from, although their language is West Lemurian and seems to be a cousin of those spoken in the western plains. In any case, they entered this southern part of the continent in the last thousand years, now living nomadic steppe lifestyles and even hunting the fearsome murder birds that roam the arid plains. The climate means that Saravanid tribes are few and far between.

What separates the Saravanids from their neighbours is that they have mastered the ejjanys--the zebra-like creatures that the Saravanids have begun using as mounts. With their mobility, the Saravanids have been able to begin raiding surrounding areas, including the western plains and the southern fringes of the central valley, for valuables. The Saravanids believe in a sort of animist monotheism, believing that everything in this world is a manifestation of and the will of a deity named Tharan. Shamans attempt to commune with Tharan for good omens for themselves, or for curses upon their enemies.

The nearby highlands are scarcely inhabited, mainly by a South Lemurian-speaking people who seem to have fled into the hills from the lowlands following the Saravanids’ incursion. Without the game of the lowlands, they have largely settled, and they have also learned to work the metal ores of the hillsides. For this, they have become targets of occasional Saravanid raids.

Finally, we reach the karst of the southern peninsula: the land of snakes, as they call it, for being home to the largest pythons on Earth. The territory is inhabited by speakers of South Lemurian languages that seem closely related to that of the Eidan, living mainly in small, isolated tribes. The terrain here is too impenetrable for Saravanid raids, the jungle much too thick. Even more offputting are the rumours of ritual cannibalism, rumours astonishingly supported by evidence.
 
OOC

I apologise for the absurdly long time this update took. This has entirely to do with the fact that I've had a semi-rough January. In any case, I’m still here, this isn’t dead, and let’s proceed from here.`

This doesn’t affect anyone, but that large inland sea between the Nuan and Anyar is not freshwater. If you look closely, it has no outlet. There seems to be some confusion regarding this.

Expect a map and some directions tomorrow. I need to figure some things out.
 
If this is still happening is it too late to get in on culture creation? Will there be chance for ethnogenisis in later turns?
 
If this is still happening is it too late to get in on culture creation? Will there be chance for ethnogenisis in later turns?

Welcome! It is absolutely not too late--you can even create cultures now, if you like. I will post more details by tomorrow regarding this.

In the meantime, here is a language family map:
 
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