Here's the Civilopedia bit. Hope it's not too long. Any comments or suggestions?! I'll start work on the entry for the Clansman when I have time.
Scots (Civilopedia):
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The earliest evidence of Scottish civilization dates back to 3500 BC, in the Orkneys at Skara Brae, where a community of Stone Age farmers would make their homes for about a thousand years or more. Castle Rock, the site of Scotlands capital, Edinburgh, was itself first inhabited at about 1000 BC, in the midst of the Bronze Age, making it one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in northern Europe today. At that point, what is now known as Scotland (then called Caledonia by Rome) was inhabited by a Celtic tribe known as the Picts, so named by the Romans for their custom of applying war paint before going into battle. When the Romans under Agricola invaded in 80 AD, this is precisely what they did, uniting under a chieftain known as Calgacus. Though Calgacus was defeated, the Romans were never able to occupy Scotland, and by 122 AD, the Romans themselves flung up Hadrians Wall just to keep out these fearsome warriors. By the late 4th Century AD, the Picts had joined up with a bunch from Ireland known as the Scots, and they soon together launched invasions of Roman Britannia, and these were invasions that Hadrians Wall itself could not rebuff. After the Romans left in the late 300s, the Scots and the Picts settled down to do some inter-tribal warring. This conflict was finally brought to a close when the High King of Dal Riata (Argyll), Kenneth MacAlpin, finally united Scotland (and gave the land its name) in 843 AD. Kenneths descendents kept up his empire-building attitude, only to be defeated in battle by the English King Athelstan at Brunanburgh during one of many Scottish invasions.
In 1286 AD, Scotland again entered the worlds stage after the accidental death of King Alexander III. Leaving no heir, the Scots came together to choose a new High King, but they seem to have had quite a tough time doing so, so much so that they called in the King of England, Edward I (known lovingly as Longshanks, before he became Hammer of the Scots), to settle the issue. Edward chose for them John Balliol, after Balliol informed Longshanks that hed be forever in his service. Unfortunately for Scotland, Balliol had a short memory, allying with Edwards enemies, and generally making a mess for England. Enraged, Edward, after conquering Wales, invaded Scotland, booting out Balliol, carrying off the Sacred Stone of Scone, and declaring himself master of the kingdom. A few Scots were a bit peeved by the idea, William Wallace and Robert Bruce being the most famous. After Wallace was defeated and executed, Bruce took over, being crowned King at Scone. In 1314, Robert Bruce destroyed an English army under Edwards son at Bannockburn. Then, he truly unified Scotland as a whole. The next couple of centuries served as a period of unification and improvement of Scotland by its kings, despite some sticky points (such as the reigns of James I and the famous Mary, Queen of Scots). However, things changed in 1603 AD, when James VI of Scotland succeeded Elizabeth I of England, becoming James I of Great Britain, thus uniting England and Scotland. James moved his capital from Edinburgh to London, and started up the Stuart dynasty of kings, who were overthrown under Charles I in the English Civil Wars, in which Scotland played a very confused role indeed, changing from side to side on a periodic basis. After the Restoration of the Stuarts, and then their ultimately ousting by the Hannoverians, Scotland again played a major part in world history.
This happened in 1745, when the grandson of the last Stuart king, Charles Stuart (known better as Bonnie Prince Charlie), returned to Scotland in order to launch an invasion of England from the north and kick those Germans out forever. Despite initial successes, like at Prestonpans, the Jacobites, as Charlies followers were known, were forced to withdraw back into Scotland, mercilessly chased by the British army of the Duke of Cumberland, who finally caught up with them at Culloden in 1746. The slaughter there ended Scottish resistance for good, it seemed. Charles himself escaped to Skye Island, and then to France, never returning to Scotland. From that time on, Scotland played a major figure (though under British rule) in the Industrial Revolution, producing some of the great minds of the time: James Watt, James Maxwell, Alexander G. Bell, James Boswell (the biographer), the philosopher David Hume, and Adam Smith. It can be truly said that Scotland, through these men, shaped the Modern World. In 1997, Scotland finally got itself the freedom to convene its own parliament at Edinburgh.