p.s. I just opened the save. If the GP tech spreadsheet I loaded earlier is right, we'll be able to lightbulb Philosophy (founding Taoism) with the GS. Do you think it is a better option than the Academy?
Have to look into that, don't have an opinion right off the bat. If it is very good for trading, then maybe we get another tech surge (and before we piss of folks with our war), which might be a really good idea. Off to look at the tech trading advisor.
Philosophy is 1794 flasks. Academy gains 8 flasks per turn now, maybe 10 per turn later on. So with 479 turns, left, the academy earns maybe 4790 flasks over the life of the game to 2050. But we don't plan to play that long, do we?
Also, the economic principle of discounting would say that future flasks are not worth as much as present flasks.
Phil seems better than academy if the current utility of Phil is high. Is it? Not sure that founding Tao is usefull except keeping others from doing it. But Phil is on path to cossacks, allowing us to bypass divine right. So that is useful. Will phil coax our neighbors to trade with us, or will we just get demands for it as tribute? If I was sure we could trade with it, I would say definitely go for it. But if we aren't able to trade it and have to give it away as tribute, I'd rather have the academy (don't have to tribute that

)
dV
Addendum: We will be at 50% science next turn. MC is done in 6. I'd say Civil Service next, to get bureacracy up. Then machinery for maces, then compass and optics if we want that circumnav (and for coastal defense). Compass anyway for the cheap harbors. CS is needed for cossacks, so makes sense that way too. Compass and optics are needed for mass media. Then tech to cossacks.
Is it worth starting Colossus? Mao and Julius have both had MC for a while now, so maybe not.
dV
Addendum 2: The Hamlet dilemma: to whip, or not to whip. Think of whipping as a market for swapping food for hammers. Pop is invested food, units are invested hammers. Whipping is just an adjustment to asset allocation: moves invested food into invested hammers.
What is the whipping exchange rate? At size 7, Moscow's next pop take a total of 51 food to produce. Granary saves half, so a pop costs 26 food in Moscow. One pop gives us 45 hammers, right (or did that go up or down when years per turn shifted)? So the exchange rate is 1.7 to 1.
St Pete at pop 6, next takes 48 total. Pop = 24 food there. Exchange rate is 1.9 to 1. Same for Novgorod.
Rostov is at pop 5, next take 45 total. Pop = 23 food there. Exchange rate is 2.0 to 1 (when you round it up). Same for Yaros.
Yekat is at pop 2, next takes 36 total. Pop =18 food there. Exchange rate is 2.5 to 1. (So THAT'S why dV did all that early whipping at low pop!

)
There has been a lot of discussion about not poprushing until at the happy cap. But clearly, the smaller the city, the better the hammer-food exchange rate for a whip. It makes sense to whip away an unhappy pop. It also makes sense to whip away a pop working a marginal tile. Does it ever make sense to whip a pop working a bonus tile?
That depends on situation, what you are building with the whip, and how the whip leverages time. Planning and invasion, or building a wonder, you are racing an AI (to wonder or to troop production), and the gain in time might be worth the loss of commerce and science of whipping a pop on a bonus tile. Also depends how fast you grow back. Or if you are building something that leverages other production in the city (granary, library), might be worth whiping pop off a bonus tile. I am not saying always do it, just saying that never do it should not be a rule either.
I think that whipping galleys and troops to get the India invasion off sooner might justify temporary loss of a bonus tile or two. The galley due in 15 in Yaros should be whipped, then we can deliver 6 units every other turn to Madras (Galley in 4 from Nov plus the one we have). Yaros gets an extra pop in 4, so if we whip for 2 pop now or in 1 or 2 turns, it can get into postion as fast as the Nov galley. Current galley could pick up the axe, then move a warrior to India for last minute recon before the war. Nov galley picks up cats from St Pete and Moscow.
The variation of exchange rate with city size gives us a way to optimize work for a small number of workers. A city with a small number of improved land tiles at present, with a larger food surplus, could be designated a "whipping post". Stop improving tiles in that city, and whip at the bonus tile limit (well below happy cap). This has us whipping at a low pop, for a better exchange rate. It also means that the small number of workers can focus on improving the tiles of the larger cities.
Rostov looks like a good whipping post to me at +7 net food. Whip the lighthouse and it is +8. I might whip a few galleys there even before library, as I worry that Gandhi might recuit Vic or Caesar to his aid. I want to have a coast guard. After the current cottage is built, no more improvements for now unless worker has nothing else to do. Excess pop can work 2/0/2/ coast until next whip.
I would apply whipping post theory to Yekat as well. Might change to lighthouse and whip it ASAP. That makes Yekat +5 net food, then whip library. By not having to use workers in Rostov, we can send one to Yekat to mine and chop. I could see keeping it at low pop and whip ships too, for a while.
With naval construction handled in Rostov and Yekat, land troops come out of Moscow, Novgorod, and Yaros. St Pete could build workers for use in India, unless we capture a bunch there.
A new variation on city specialization, this whipping post thing
dV