I figured I'd cook up a thread to help educate me on a topic I wanted to know more about and then edit it to provide that information to others.
New Terrain
Marsh: 1 Food, 2 Moves
Volcano: Impassible, Ugly
New Features
Ancient Forest: +1 Food, +1 Production, 50% Defense, 2 Moves
Blizzard: Units without Cold Resistance take ~10% Cold based damage when moving onto tile
Burnt Forest: Eventually turns to New Forest, No change from base terrain, No health bonus
Flames: Replaces Forest and Jungle, Eventually turns to Burnt Forest, No change from base terrain, Impassible to units without Fire Resistance
New Forest: Eventually turns to Forest, No change from base terrain
Scrub: +1 Production, Only appears on Desert - Reduces move cost to 1 & Removes Defense penalty?
Smoke: -10% Defense, Chance to change to Flames on Forests, Jungles, and Ancient Forest (Reduced chance for Ancient Forest)
Changed Terrain
Desert: -25% Defense, 2 Moves
Changed Features
Forest: +25% Defense
Hell Terrain
Removes Forest, Jungle, and Ancient Forest
Toads: Hell version of Sheep and Pigs
Nightmares: Hell version of Cows and Horses
Snake Pillars: Hell version of Corn, Wheat, and Rice
Sheut Stones: Hell version of Marble
Fields of Perdition: Hell version of Plains
Broken Lands: Hell version of Grassland
Burning Sands: Hell version of Desert (Flood Plains will be permanently destroyed)
Shallows: Hell version of Marsh
Gulagarm: Hell version of Banana and Sugar
Razorweed: Hell version of Silk and Cotton, reduces enemy heal rate in your territory by 1% (cumulative)
Terraforming Magic
Blaze (Fire I): Creates Smoke
Bloom (FoL): Creates New Forest
Sanctify (Life I): Cleanses Hell Terrain
Scorch (Sun I): Change Plains to Desert and Snow to Tundra
Snowfall (Ice III): Removes Smoke and Flames, Temporarily change terrain to Snow
Spring (Water I): Change Desert to Plains, Removes Smoke, Flames, and Scrub
Vitalize (Nature III): Removes Scrub, Change Snow to Tundra, Tundra to Plains, Desert to Plains, and Plains to Grassland. Flood Plains on Plains gives 4 Food, 1 Production. Flood Plains on Grassland gives 5 Food.
New Terrain
Marsh: 1 Food, 2 Moves
Volcano: Impassible, Ugly
New Features
Ancient Forest: +1 Food, +1 Production, 50% Defense, 2 Moves
Blizzard: Units without Cold Resistance take ~10% Cold based damage when moving onto tile
Burnt Forest: Eventually turns to New Forest, No change from base terrain, No health bonus
Flames: Replaces Forest and Jungle, Eventually turns to Burnt Forest, No change from base terrain, Impassible to units without Fire Resistance
New Forest: Eventually turns to Forest, No change from base terrain
Scrub: +1 Production, Only appears on Desert - Reduces move cost to 1 & Removes Defense penalty?
Smoke: -10% Defense, Chance to change to Flames on Forests, Jungles, and Ancient Forest (Reduced chance for Ancient Forest)
Changed Terrain
Desert: -25% Defense, 2 Moves
Changed Features
Forest: +25% Defense
Hell Terrain
Removes Forest, Jungle, and Ancient Forest
Toads: Hell version of Sheep and Pigs
Nightmares: Hell version of Cows and Horses
Snake Pillars: Hell version of Corn, Wheat, and Rice
Sheut Stones: Hell version of Marble
Fields of Perdition: Hell version of Plains
Broken Lands: Hell version of Grassland
Burning Sands: Hell version of Desert (Flood Plains will be permanently destroyed)
Shallows: Hell version of Marsh
Gulagarm: Hell version of Banana and Sugar
Razorweed: Hell version of Silk and Cotton, reduces enemy heal rate in your territory by 1% (cumulative)
Terraforming Magic
Blaze (Fire I): Creates Smoke
Bloom (FoL): Creates New Forest
Sanctify (Life I): Cleanses Hell Terrain
Scorch (Sun I): Change Plains to Desert and Snow to Tundra
Snowfall (Ice III): Removes Smoke and Flames, Temporarily change terrain to Snow
Spring (Water I): Change Desert to Plains, Removes Smoke, Flames, and Scrub
Vitalize (Nature III): Removes Scrub, Change Snow to Tundra, Tundra to Plains, Desert to Plains, and Plains to Grassland. Flood Plains on Plains gives 4 Food, 1 Production. Flood Plains on Grassland gives 5 Food.